金融行业英中词汇四

Real options
Recovery rate	回收率
Replacement cost
Repo-style transactions	回购型交易
repurchase	回购
Residual risk	余值风险：余值风险这部分风险在实施安全措施后将仍然存在
Restricted stock	限制性股票（restricted stock）是一種以股權來激勵員工的方法，通常公司在授與日將股票授與員工，同時約定員工在限制期間內、工作期滿或者是達成既定的財務目標後，才能享有股票處分權。 但在限制期間內，員工不能處分、移轉及設質股票，不過仍可享有股東應有的權利，包括領取股利、投票權等，如果員工中途離職，會失去股票處分權。
Retail banking	零售银行业务
Revenue bonds
revolver	循环信贷
Ring fence: Ring fence means the isolation of an amount of money from any outside risk. Outside risks can include taxes, market fluctuation, inflation, and other economic factors. The ring fence is mainly used by offshore investors.	围栏策略
Risk Adjusted Return on Capital (RAROC)	奉献调整资本回报率：在财务分析中，风险较高的项目及投资必须与无风险投资分开评估。在风险调整资本回报率的计算过程中，有风险现金流相对低风险现金流进行了适当贴现，因此能涵盖有关投资风险状态的变化
Risk based capital requirement	风险资本要求：根据规定，银行及从事有风险投资机构必须维持的流动准备金
Risk capital	风险资本：投资者分配作投资高风险证券的资金
Risk contamination
Risk free assets	无风险资产：可赚取一定未来回报的资产。国库券（特别是短期国库券）由于获得美国政府的担保，被认为是没有风险的投资
Risk free rate of return	无风险回报率：基本上没有风险的资产的利率
Risk model for corporate business	对公商业模型
Risk tolerance	风险容忍度：投资者对于投资组合价值负面变化方面的不明朗因素的可接受程度
risk-adjusted performance measurement	风险调整的经营绩效
risk-adjusted rate of return	风险调整回报率：衡量一个基金或投资组合赚取回报所承担的风险的指标，一般以数字或评级表示
Risk-return discipline	风险-回报约束
Risk-reward tradeoff	风险-收益平衡
risk-weighted assets （RWA）	风险加权资产
ROC:	资产回报率
ROE: Return on equity	净资产收益率
Sarbanes-Oxley Act	萨班斯-奥克斯利法案（Sarbanes-Oxley Act）是美國立法機構根據安然有限公司、世界通訊公司等財務欺詐事件破產暴露出來的公司和證券監管問題所立的監管法規，簡稱《SOX法案》或《索克思法案》。
Schedule 13D: acquisition information 10 days after the purchase
Secondary market	指投资者向另一名投资者买入资产的市场，而不是从发行企业购买
Senior secured credit facility	优先抵押贷款
Severance package	解雇费
Shareholders circular	股东通函
Shares overhang	遗留股
Small caps	小型股
Sovereign floor	主权下限
Special purpose vehicle(SPV)	特定目的公司
Special purpose vehicle: A special purpose entity (SPE) (sometimes, especially in Europe, "special purpose vehicle") is a body corporate (usually a limited company of some type or, sometimes, a limited partnership) created to fulfill narrow, specific or temporary objectives, primarily to isolate financial risk, usually bankruptcy but sometimes a specific taxation or regulatory risk.[1] A special purpose entity may be owned by one or more other entities and certain jurisdictions may require ownership by certain parties in specific percentages. Often it is important that the SPE not be owned by the entity on whose behalf the SPE is being set up (the sponsor). For example, in the context of a loan securitisation, if the SPE securitisation vehicle were owned or controlled by the bank whose loans were to be secured, the SPE would be consolidated with the rest of the bank's group for regulatory, accounting, and bankruptcy purposes, which would defeat the point of the securitisation. Therefore many SPEs are set up as 'orphan' companies with their shares settled on charitable trust and with professional directors provided by an administration company to ensure there is no connection with the sponsor.
Specialized lending	特殊贷款
Square root
strategist	策略分析师
Stress test	压力测试
Subordinated debt：Debt that in the event of a default is repaid only after senior debt has been repaid. It is higher risk than the senior debt.	次级债务：指在出现违约时，只有当优先债务偿付后才能偿还的债务。其风险高于优先债务。
Subordination is the process by which a creditor is placed in a lower priority for the collection of its debt from its debtor's assets than the priority the creditor previouly had,[1] In common parlance, the debt is said to be subordinated but in reality, it is the right of the creditor to collect the debt that has been reduced in priority. The priority of right to collect the debt is important when a debtor owes more than one creditor but has assets of insufficient value to pay them all in full at the time of a default. Except in bankruptcy proceedings, the creditor with the first priority for collection will have the first claim on the debtor's assets for its debt and the creditors whose rights are subordinate will thus have fewer assets to satisfy their claims. Subordination can take place by operation of law or by agreement among the creditors.
Sunk cost	沉没成本
Supervisory haircuts	法定折价率
systematic risk idiosyncratic risk	系统风险 非系统风险
Tax loss carry forwards	税损结转
Ten types of credit assets: claims on sovereign, claims on PSEs，claims on MDBs ，claims on banks， claims on corporates， claims secured by residential property，claims secured on commercial real estate， and others. Two are added in the new Basel Accord: claims on securities firms and high-risk categories	信贷资产划分为10种：主权贷款；公营机构贷款；多边发展银行贷款;银行贷款; 工商贷款; 住宅按揭贷款;商业楼宇贷款和其它贷款 新巴塞尔协议增加两种： 对证券公司贷款； 高风险贷款
The banking book	银行账户
The debt service coverage ratio (DSCR), or debt service ratio, is the ratio of net operating income to debt payments on a piece of investment real estate. It is a popular benchmark used in the measurement of an income-producing property’s ability to produce enough revenue to cover its monthly mortgage payments. The higher this ratio is, the easier it is to borrow money for the property. The phrase is also used in corporate finance and may be expressed as a minimum ratio that is acceptable to a lender; it may be a loan condition, a loan covenant, or a condition of default.	债务偿付比率 利息保障率又称利息保障倍数，是指贷款期间企业生产经营所获得的息税前利润与利息费用的比率，反映企业贷款期盈利对利息的保障程度，用于评价借款企业支付利息的能力。 计算公式 利息保障率=（利润总额＋利息）÷利息×１００％ 该比率一般应为200%－300%，不得低于100%，满意值应大于400%。
the extension of commitments and guarantees	延长授信和担保
The realized exposure profile
The surviving entity	存续实体
The trading book: the portfolio of financial instuments held by a brokerage or bank that are purchased or sold to facilitate trading for their customers.	交易账户
Their own haircuts approach	自行评估折价
Tier 1 Capital	一级资本(包括股本金和披露的准备金)
Tier 2 capital	二级资本(包括revaluation reserves, subordinated term debt, undisclosed reserve, general provisions and hybrid instrument)
Toll roads	收费公路
trade financing	贸易融资
Trading below book	上市价格低于帐面资产
Transfer risk	外币折算风险
transposition	转换
UL/EL: unexpected loss and expected loss	不可预见的风险/预期风险
Universal bank	综合性银行
Unleaded gasoline
Unsolicited offer	主动要约收购
Unwind provisions of securitization
Unwind: 1. The closure of an investment position. 2. The reconciliation of an error previously unseen by a brokerage house.	平仓
value at risk (VaR)	风险值
Virgin islands	维尔京群岛
WACC: weighted average cost of capital	加权平均资本成本
watchlist	观察清单
Weather derivatives are financial instruments that can be used by organizations or individuals as part of a risk management strategy to reduce risk associated with adverse or unexpected weather conditions. The difference from other derivatives is that the underlying asset (rain/temperature/snow) has no direct value to price the weather derivative. Farmers can use weather derivatives to hedge against poor harvests caused by drought or frost; theme parks may want to insure against rainy weekends during peak summer seasons; and gas and power companies may use heating degree days (HDD) or cooling degree days (CDD) contracts to smooth earnings.
Wikipaedia	维基百科
Wiring out funds	拨出款项
Workout situation
Write-off	销账
Proprietary trading position	自营头寸