16位微机 16 Digit Microcomputer
ALGOL语言 ALGOL Language
BASIC 语言 BASIC Language
BASIC 语言及应用 BASIC Language & Application
C 语言 C Language
CAD 概论 Introduction to CAD
CAD/CAM CAD/CAM
COBOL语言 COBOL Language
COBOL语言程序设计 COBOL Language Program Designing
C与UNIX环境 C Language & Unix Environment
C语言与生物医学信息处理 C Language & Biomedical Information Processing
dBASE Ⅲ课程设计 Course Exercise in dBASE Ⅲ
FORTRAN语言 FORTRAN Language
IBM-PC微机原理 Fundamentals of Microcomputer IBM-PC
LSI设计基础 Basic of LSI Designing
PASCAL大型作业 PASCAL Wide Range Working
PASCAL课程设计 Course Exercise in PASCAL
X射线与电镜 X-ray & Electric Microscope
Z-80汇编语言程序设计 Z-80 Programming in Assembly Languages
板壳理论 Plate Theory
板壳力学 Plate Mechanics
半波实验 Semiwave Experiment
半导体变流技术 Semiconductor Converting Technology
半导体材料 Semiconductor Materials
半导体测量 Measurement of Semiconductors
半导体瓷敏元件 Semiconductor Porcelain-Sensitive Elements
半导体光电子学 Semiconductor Optic Electronics
半导体化学 Semiconductor Chemistry
半导体激光器 Semiconductor Laser Unit
半导体集成电路 Semiconductor Integrated Circuitry
半导体理论 Semiconductor Theory
半导体器件 Semiconductor Devices
半导体器件工艺原理 Technological Fundamentals of Semiconductor Device
半导体物理 Semiconductor Physics
半导体专业 Semiconductor Specialty
半导体专业实验 Specialty Experiment of Semiconductor
薄膜光学 Film Optics
财政与金融 Finance & Banking
财政与信贷 Finance & Credit
操作系统 Disk Operating System
操作系统课程设计 Course Design in Disk Operating System
操作系统原理 Fundamentals of Disk Operating System
策波测量技术 Technique of Whip Wave Measurement
测量原理与仪器设计 Measurement Fundamentals & Meter Design
测试技术 Testing Technology
测试与信号变换处理 Testing & Signal Transformation Processing
产业经济学 Industrial Economy
产业组织学 Industrial Organization Technology
场论 Field Theory
常微分方程 Ordinary Differentical Equations
超导磁体及应用 Superconductive Magnet & Application
超导及应用 Superconductive & Application
超精微细加工 Super-Precision & Minuteness Processing
城市规划原理 Fundamentals of City Planning
城市社会学 Urban Sociology
成组技术 Grouping Technique
齿轮啮合原理 Principles of Gear Connection
冲击测量及误差 Punching Measurement & Error
冲压工艺 Sheet Metal Forming Technology
抽象代数 Abstract Algebra
传动概论 Introduction to Transmission
传感器与检测技术 Sensors & Testing Technology
传感器原理 Fundamentals of Sensors
传感器原理及应用 Fundamentals of Sensors & Application
传热学 Heat Transfer
传坳概论 Introduction to Pass Col
船舶操纵 Ship Controlling
船舶电力系统 Ship Electrical Power System
船舶电力系统课程设计 Course Exercise in Ship Electrical Power System
船舶电气传动自动化 Ship Electrified Transmission Automation
船舶电站 Ship Power Station
船舶动力装置 Ship Power Equipment
船舶概论 Introduction to Ships
船舶焊接与材料 Welding & Materials on Ship
船舶机械控制技术 Mechanic Control Technology for Ships
船舶机械拖动 Ship Mechanic Towage
船舶建筑美学 Artistic Designing of Ships
船舶结构力学 Structural Mechanics for Ships
船舶结构与制图 Ship Structure & Graphing
船舶静力学 Ship Statics
船舶强度与结构设计 Designing Ship Intensity & Structure
船舶设计原理 Principles of Ship Designing
船舶推进 Ship Propelling
船舶摇摆 Ship Swaying
船舶阻力 Ship Resistance
船体建造工艺 Ship-Building Technology
船体结构 Ship Structure
船体结构图 Ship Structure Graphing
船体振动学 Ship Vibration
创造心理学 Creativity Psychology
磁测量技术 Magnetic Measurement Technology
磁传感器 Magnetic Sensor
磁存储设备设计原理 Fundamental Design of Magnetic Memory Equipment
磁记录技术 Magnetographic Technology
磁记录物理 Magnetographic Physics
磁路设计与场计算 Magnetic Path Designing & Magnetic Field Calculation
磁盘控制器 Magnetic Disk Controller
磁性材料 Magnetic Materials
磁性测量 Magnetic Measurement
磁性物理 Magnetophysics
磁原理及应用 Principles of Magnetism & Application
大电流测量 Super-Current Measurement
大电源测量 Super-Power Measurement
大机组协调控制 Coordination & Control of Generator Networks
大跨度房屋结构 Large-Span House structure
大型锅炉概况 Introduction to Large-Volume Boilers
大型火电机组控制 Control of Large Thermal Power Generator Networks
大学德语 College German
大学俄语 College Russian
大学法语 College French
大学日语 College Japanese
大学英语 College English
大学语文 College Chinese
大众传播学 Mass Media
代用运放电路 Simulated Transmittal Circuit
单片机原理 Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers
单片机原理及应用 Fundamentals of Mono-Chip Computers & Applications
弹性力学 Theory of Elastic Mechanics
当代国际关系 Contemporary International Relationship
当代国外社会思维评价 Evaluation of Contemporary Foreign Social Thought
当代文学 Contemporary Literature
当代文学专题 Topics on Contemporary Literature
当代西方哲学 Contemporary Western Philosophy
当代戏剧与电影 Contemporary Drama & Films
党史 History of the Party
导波光学 Wave Guiding Optics
等离子体工程 Plasma Engineering
低频电子线路 Low Frequency Electric Circuit
低温传热学 Cryo Conduction
低温固体物理 Cryo Solid Physics
低温技术原理与装置 Fundamentals of Cryo Technology & Equipment
低温技术中的微机原理 Principles of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology
低温绝热 Cryo Heat Insulation
低温气体制冷机 Cryo Gas Refrigerator
低温热管 Cryo Heat Tube
低温设备 Cryo Equipment
低温生物冻干技术 Biological Cryo Freezing Drying Technology
低温实验技术 Cryo Experimentation Technology
低温物理导论 Cryo Physic Concepts
低温物理概论 Cryo Physic Concepts
低温物理概念 Cryo Physic Concepts
低温仪表及测试 Cryo Meters & Measurement
低温原理 Cryo Fundamentals
低温中的微机应用 Application of Microcomputer in Cryo Technology
低温装置 Cryo Equipment
低噪声电子电路 Low-Noise Electric Circuit
低噪声电子设计 Low-Noise Electronic Designing
低噪声放大与弱检 Low-Noise Increasing & Decreasing
低噪声与弱信号检测 Detection of Low Noise & Weak Signals
地理 Geography
第二次世界大战史 History of World War II
电测量技术 Electric Measurement Technology
电厂计算机控制系统 Computer Control System in Power Plants
电磁测量实验技术 Electromagnetic Measurement Experiment & Technology
电磁场计算机 Electromagnetic Field Computers
电磁场理论 Theory of Electromagnetic Fields
电磁场数值计算 Numerical Calculation of Electromagnetic Fields
电磁场与电磁波 Electromagnetic Fields & Magnetic Waves
电磁场与微波技术 Electromagnetic Fields & Micro-Wave Technology
电磁场中的数值方法 Numerical Methods in Electromagnetic Fields
电磁场中的数值计算 Numerical Calculation in Electromagnetic Fields
电磁学 Electromagnetics
电动力学 Electrodynamics
电镀 Plating
电分析化学 Electro-Analytical Chemistry
电工测试技术基础 Testing Technology of Electrical Engineering
电工产品学 Electrotechnical Products
电工电子技术基础 Electrical Technology & Electrical Engineering
电工电子学 Electronics in Electrical Engineering
电工基础 Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering
电工基础理论 Fundamental Theory of Electrical Engineering
电工基础实验 Basic Experiment in Electrical Engineering
电工技术 Electrotechnics
电工技术基础 Fundamentals of Electrotechnics
电工实习 Electrical Engineering Practice
电工实验技术基础 Experiment Technology of Electrical Engineering
电工学 Electrical Engineering
电工与电机控制 Electrical Engineering & Motor Control
电弧电接触 Electrical Arc Contact
电弧焊及电渣焊 Electric Arc Welding & Electroslag Welding
电化学测试技术 Electrochemical Measurement Technology
电化学工程 Electrochemical Engineering
电化学工艺学 Electrochemical Technology
电机测试技术 Motor Measuring Technology
电机电磁场的分析与计算 Analysis & Calculation of Electrical Motor &
Electromagnetic Fields
电机电器与供电 Motor Elements and Power Supply
电机课程设计 Course Exercise in Electric Engine
电机绕组理论 Theory of Motor Winding
电机绕组理论及应用 Theory & Application of Motor Winding
电机设计 Design of Electrical Motor
电机瞬变过程 Electrical Motor Change Processes
电机学 Electrical Motor
电机学及控制电机 Electrical Machinery Control & Technology
电机与拖动 Electrical Machinery & Towage
电机原理 Principle of Electric Engine
电机原理与拖动 Principles of Electrical Machinery & Towage
电机专题 Lectures on Electric Engine
电接触与电弧 Electrical Contact & Electrical Arc
电介质物理 Dielectric Physics
电镜 Electronic Speculum
电力电子电路 Power Electronic Circuit
电力电子电器 Power Electronic Equipment
电力电子器件 Power Electronic Devices
电力电子学 Power Electronics
电力工程 Electrical Power Engineering
电力生产技术 Technology of Electrical Power Generation
电力生产优化管理 Optimal Management of Electrical Power Generation
电力拖动基础 Fundamentals for Electrical Towage
电力拖动控制系统 Electrical Towage Control Systems
电力系统 Power Systems
电力系统电源最优化规划 Optimal Planning of Power Source in a Power System
电力系统短路 Power System Shortcuts
电力系统分析 Power System Analysis
电力系统规划 Power System Planning
电力系统过电压 Hyper-Voltage of Power Systems
电力系统继电保护原理 Power System Relay Protection
电力系统经济分析 Economical Analysis of Power Systems
电力系统经济运行 Economical Operation of Power Systems
电力系统可靠性 Power System Reliability
电力系统可靠性分析 Power System Reliability Analysis
电力系统无功补偿及应用 Non-Work Compensation in Power Systems & Applicati
电力系统谐波 Harmonious Waves in Power Systems
电力系统优化技术 Optimal Technology of Power Systems
电力系统优化设计 Optimal Designing of Power Systems
电力系统远动 Operation of Electric Systems
电力系统远动技术 Operation Technique of Electric Systems
电力系统运行 Operation of Electric Systems
电力系统自动化 Automation of Electric Systems
电力系统自动装置 Power System Automation Equipment
电路测试技术 Circuit Measurement Technology
电路测试技术基础 Fundamentals of Circuit Measurement Technology
电路测试技术及实验 Circuit Measurement Technology & Experiments
电路分析基础 Basis of Circuit Analysis
电路分析基础实验 Basic Experiment on Circuit Analysis
电路分析实验 Experiment on Circuit Analysis
电路和电子技术 Circuit and Electronic Technique
电路理论 Theory of Circuit
电路理论基础 Fundamental Theory of Circuit
电路理论实验 Experiments in Theory of Circuit
电路设计与测试技术 Circuit Designing & Measurement Technology
电器学 Electrical Appliances
电器与控制 Electrical Appliances & Control
电气控制技术 Electrical Control Technology
电视接收技术 Television Reception Technology
电视节目 Television Programs
电视节目制作 Television Program Designing
电视新技术 New Television Technology
电视原理 Principles of Television
电网调度自动化 Automation of Electric Network Management
电影艺术 Art of Film Making
电站微机检测控制 Computerized Measurement & Control of Power Station
电子材料与元件测试技术 Measuring Technology of Electronic Material and
Element
电子材料元件 Electronic Material and Element
电子材料元件测量 Electronic Material and Element Measurement
电子测量与实验技术 Technology of Electronic Measurement & Experiment
电子测试 Electronic Testing
电子测试技术 Electronic Testing Technology
电子测试技术与实验 Electronic Testing Technology & Experiment
电子机械运动控制技术 Technology of Electronic Mechanic Movement Control
电子技术 Technology of Electronics
电子技术腐蚀测试中的应用 Application of Electronic Technology in Erosion
Measurement 电子技术基础 Basic Electronic Technology
电子技术基础与实验 Basic Electronic Technology & Experiment
电子技术课程设计 Course Exercise in Electronic Technology
电子技术实验 Experiment in Electronic Technology
电子理论实验 Experiment in Electronic Theory
电子显微分析 Electronic Micro-Analysis
电子显微镜 Electronic Microscope
电子线路 Electronic Circuit
电子线路设计与测试技术 Electronic Circuit Design & Measurement Technology
电子线路实验 Experiment in Electronic Circuit
电子照相技术 Electronic Photographing Technology
雕塑艺术欣赏 Appreciation of Sculptural Art
调节装置 Regulation Equipment
动态规划 Dynamic Programming
动态无损检测 Dynamic Non-Destruction Measurement
动态信号分析与仪器 Dynamic Signal Analysis & Apparatus
锻压工艺 Forging Technology
锻压机械液压传动 Hydraulic Transmission in Forging Machinery
锻压加热设备 Forging Heating Equipment
锻压设备专题 Lectures on Forging Press Equipments
锻压系统动力学 Dynamics of Forging System
锻造工艺 Forging Technology
断裂力学 Fracture Mechanics
对外贸易概论 Introduction to International Trade
多层网络方法 Multi-Layer Network Technology
多目标优化方法 Multipurpose Optimal Method
多项距阵 Multi-Nominal Matrix
多元统计分析 Multivariate Statistical Analysis
发电厂 Power Plant
发电厂电气部分 Electric Elements of Power Plants
法律基础 Fundamentals of Law
法学概论 An Introduction to Science of Law
法学基础 Fundamentals of Science of Law
翻译 Translation
翻译理论与技巧 Theory & Skills of Translation
泛函分析 Functional Analysis
房屋建筑学 Architectural Design & Construction
非电量测量 Non-Electricity Measurement
非金属材料 Non-Metal Materials
非线性采样系统 Non-Linear Sampling System
非线性光学 Non-Linear Optics
非线性规划 Non-Linear Programming
非线性振荡 Non-Linear Oscillation
非线性振动 Non-Linear Vibration
沸腾燃烧 Boiling Combustion
分析化学 Analytical Chemistry
分析化学实验 Analytical Chemistry Experiment
分析力学 Analytical Mechanics
风机调节 Fan Regulation
风机调节.使用.运转 Regulation, Application & Operation of Fans
风机三元流动理论与设计 Tri-Variate Movement Theory & Design of Fans
风能利用 Wind Power Utilization
腐蚀电化学实验 Experiment in Erosive Electrochemistry
复变函数 Complex Variables Functions
复变函数与积分变换 Functions of Complex Variables & Integral Transformation
复合材料力学 Compound Material Mechanics
傅里叶光学 Fourier Optics
概率论 Probability Theory
概率论与数理统计 Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics
概率论与随机过程 Probability Theory & Stochastic Process
钢笔画 Pen Drawing
钢的热处理 Heat-Treatment of Steel
钢结构 Steel Structure
钢筋混凝土 Reinforced Concrete
钢筋混凝土及砖石结构 Reinforced Concrete & Brick Structure
钢砼结构 Reinforced Concrete Structure
高层建筑基础设计 Designing bases of High Rising Buildings
高层建筑结构设计 Designing Structures of High Rising Buildings
高等材料力学 Advanced Material Mechanics
高等代数 Advanced Algebra
高等教育管理 Higher Education Management
高等教育史 History of Higher Education
高等教育学 Higher Education
高等数学 Advanced Mathematics
高电压技术 High-Voltage Technology
高电压测试技术 High-Voltage Test Technology
高分子材料 High Polymer Material
高分子材料及加工 High Polymer Material & Processing
高分子化学 High Polymer Chemistry
高分子化学实验 High Polymer Chemistry Experiment
高分子物理 High Polymer Physics
高分子物理实验 High Polymer Physics Experiment
高级英语听说 Advanced English Listening & Speaking
高能密束焊 High Energy-Dense Beam Welding
高频电路 High-Frequency Circuit
高频电子技术 High-Frequency Electronic Technology
高频电子线路 High-Frequency Electronic Circuit
高压测量技术 High-Voltage Measurement Technology
高压测试技术 High-Voltage Testing Technology
高压电场的数值计算 Numerical Calculation in High-Voltage Electronic Field
高压电器 High-Voltage Electrical Appliances
高压绝缘 High-Voltage Insulation
高压实验 High-Voltage Experimentation
高压试验技术 High-Voltage Experimentation Technology
工程材料的力学性能测试 Mechanic Testing of Engineering Materials
工程材料及热处理 Engineering Material and Heat Treatment
工程材料学 Engineering Materials
工程测量 Engineering Surveying
工程测试技术 Engineering Testing Technique
工程测试实验 Experiment on Engineering Testing
工程测试信息 Information of Engineering Testing
工程动力学 Engineering Dynamics
工程概论 Introduction to Engineering
工程概预算 Project Budget
工程经济学 Engineering Economics
工程静力学 Engineering Statics
工程力学 Engineering Mechanics
工程热力学 Engineering Thermodynamics
工程项目评估 Engineering Project Evaluation
工程优化方法 Engineering Optimization Method
工程运动学 Engineering Kinematics
工程造价管理 Engineering Cost Management
工程制图 Graphing of Engineering
工业分析 Industrial Analysis
工业锅炉 Industrial Boiler
工业会计学 Industrial Accounting
工业机器人 Industrial Robot
工业技术基础 Basic Industrial Technology
工业建筑设计原理 Principles of Industrial Building Design
工业经济理论 Industrial Economic Theory
工业经济学 Industrial Economics
工业企业财务管理 Industrial Enterprise Financial Management
工业企业财务会计 Accounting in Industrial Enterprises
工业企业管理 Industrial Enterprise Management
工业企业经营管理 Industrial Enterprise Administrative Management
工业社会学 Industrial Sociology
工业心理学 Industrial Psychology
工业窑炉 Industrial Stoves
工艺过程自动化 Technics Process Automation
公差 Common Difference
公差技术测量 Technical Measurement with Common Difference
公差与配合 Common Difference & Cooperation
公共关系学 Public Relations
公文写作 Official Document Writing
古代汉语 Ancient Chinese
古典文学作品选读 Selected Readings in Classical Literature
固体激光 Solid State Laser
固体激光器件 Solid Laser Elements
固体激光与电源 Solid State Laser & Power Unit
固体物理 Solid State Physics
管理概论 Introduction to Management
管理经济学 Management Economics
管理数学 Management Mathematics
管理系统模拟 Management System Simulation
管理心理学 Management Psychology
管理信息系统 Management Information Systems
光波导理论 Light Wave Guide Theory
光电技术 Photoelectric Technology
光电信号处理 Photoelectric Signal Processing
光电信号与系统分析 Photoelectric Signal & Systematic Analysis
光辐射探测技术 Ray Radiation Detection Technology
光谱 Spectrum
光谱分析 Spectral Analysis
光谱学 Spectroscopy
光纤传感 Fibre Optical Sensors
光纤传感器 Fibre Optical Sensors
光纤传感器基础 Fundamentals of Fibre Optical Sensors
光纤传感器及应用 Fibre Optical Sensors & Applications
光纤光学课程设计 Course Design of Fibre Optical
光纤技术实验 Experiments in Fibre Optical Technology
光纤通信基础 Basis of Fibre Optical Communication
光学 Optics
光学测量 Optical Measurement
光学分析法 Optical Analysis Method
光学计量仪器设计 Optical Instrument Gauge Designing
光学检测 Optical Detection
光学设计 Optical Design
光学信息导论 Introduction of Optical Information
光学仪器设计 Optical Instrument Designing
光学仪器与计量仪器设计 Optical Instrument & Gauge Instrument Designing
光学仪器装配与校正 Optical Instrument Installation & Adjustment
广播编辑学 Broadcast Editing
广播新闻 Broadcast Journalism
广播新闻采写 Broadcast Journalism Collection & Composition
广告学 Advertisement
锅炉燃烧理论 Theory of Boiler Combustion
锅炉热交换传热强化 Boiler Heat Exchange, Conduction & Intensification
锅炉原理 Principles of Boiler
国际金融 International Finance
国际经济法 International Economic Law
国际贸易 International Trade
国际贸易地理 International Trade Geography
国际贸易实务 International Trade Affairs
国际市场学 International Marketing
国际市场营销 International Marketing
国民经济计划 National Economical Planning
国外社会学理论 Overseas Theories of Sociology
过程(控制)调节装置 Process(Control) Adjustment Device
过程调节系统 Process Adjustment System
过程控制 Process Control
过程控制系统 Process Control System
海洋测量 Ocean Surveying
海洋工程概论 Introduction to Ocean Engineering
函数分析 Functional Analysis
焊接方法 Welding Method
焊接方法及设备 Welding Method & Equipment
焊接检验 Welding Testing
焊接结构 Welding Structure
焊接金相 Welding Fractography
焊接金相分析 Welding Fractography Analysis
焊接冶金 Welding Metallurgy
焊接原理 Fundamentals of Welding
焊接原理及工艺 Fundamentals of Welding & Technology
焊接自动化 Automation of Welding
汉语 Chinese
汉语与写作 Chinese & Composition
汉语语法研究 Research on Chinese Grammar
汉字信息处理技术 Technology of Chinese Information Processing
毫微秒脉冲技术 Millimicrosecond Pulse Technique
核动力技术 Nuclear Power Technology
合唱与指挥 Chorus & Conduction
合金钢 Alloy Steel
宏观经济学 Macro-Economics
宏微观经济学 Macro Micro Economics
红外CCD Infrared CCD
红外电荷耦合器 Infrared Electric Charge Coupler
红外探测器 Infrared Detectors
红外物理 Infrared Physics
红外物理与技术 Infrared Physics & Technology
红外系统 Infrared System
红外系统电信号处理 Processing Electric Signals from Infrared Systems
厚薄膜集成电路 Thick & Thin Film Integrated Circuit
弧焊电源 Arc Welding Power
弧焊原理 Arc Welding Principles
互换性技术测量基础 Basic Technology of Exchangeability Measurement
互换性技术测量 Technology of Exchangeability Measurement
互换性与技术测量 Elementary Technology of Exchangeability Measurement
互换性与技术测量实验 Experiment of Exchangeability Measurement Technology
画法几何及机械制图 Descriptive Geometry & Mechanical Graphing
画法几何与阴影透视 Descriptive Geometry, Shadow and Perspective
化工基础 Elementary Chemical Industry
化工仪表与自动化 Chemical Meters & Automation
化工原理 Principles of Chemical Industry
化学 Chemistry
化学反应工程 Chemical Reaction Engineering
化学分离 Chemical Decomposition
化学工程基础 Elementary Chemical Engineering
化学计量学 Chemical Measurement
化学文献 Chemical Literature
化学文献及查阅方法 Chemical Literature & Consulting Method
化学粘结剂 Chemical Felter
环境保护理论基础 Basic Theory of Environmental Protection
环境化学 Environmental Chemistry
环境行为概论 Introduction to Environmental Behavior
换热器 Thermal Transducer
回旧分析与试验设计 Tempering Analysis and Experiment Design
回转式压缩机 Rotary Compressor
回转压缩机数学模型 Mathematical Modeling of Rotary Compressors
会计学 Accountancy
会计与财务分析 Accountancy & Financial Analysis
会计与设备分析 Accountancy & Equipment Analysis
会计原理及外贸会计 Principles of Accountancy & Foreign Trade Accountancy
会计原理与工业会计 Principles of Accountancy & Industrial Accountancy
活力学 Energy Theory
活塞膨胀机 Piston Expander
活塞式制冷压缩机 Piston Refrigerant Compressor
活塞式压缩机 Piston Compressor
活塞式压缩机基础设计 Basic Design of Piston Compressor
活塞压缩机结构强度 Structural Intensity of Piston Compressor
活赛压机气流脉动 Gas Pulsation of Piston Presser
货币银行学 Currency Banking
基本电路理论 Basis Theory of Circuit
基础写作 Fundamental Course of Composition
机床电路 Machine Tool Circuit
机床电器 Machine Tool Electric Appliance
机床电气控制 Electrical Control of Machinery Tools
机床动力学 Machine Tool Dynamics
机床设计 Machine Tool design
机床数字控制 Digital Control of Machine Tool
机床液压传动 Machinery Tool Hydraulic Transmission
机电传动 Mechanical & Electrical Transmission
机电传动控制 Mechanical & electrical Transmission Control
机电耦合系统 Mechanical & Electrical Combination System
机电系统计算机仿真 Computer Simulation of Mechanic/Electrical Systems
机电一体化 Mechanical & Electrical Integration
机构学 Structuring
机器人 Robot
机器人控制技术 Robot Control Technology
机械产品学 Mechanic Products
机械产品造型设计 Shape Design of Mechanical Products
机械工程控制基础 Basic Mechanic Engineering Control
机械加工自动化 Automation in Mechanical Working
机械可靠性 Mechanical Reliability
机械零件 Mechanical Elements
机械零件设计 Course Exercise in Machinery Elements Design
机械零件设计基础 Basis of Machinery Elements Design
机械设计 Mechanical Designing
机械设计基础 Basis of Mechanical Designing
机械设计课程设计 Course Exercise in Mechanical Design
机械设计原理 Principle of Mechanical Designing
机械式信息传输机构 Mechanical Information Transmission Device
机械原理 Principle of Mechanics
机械原理和机械零件 Mechanism & Machinery
机械原理及机械设计 Mechanical Designing
机械原理及应用 Mechanical Principle & Mechanical Applications
机械原理课程设计 Course Exercise of Mechanical Principle
机械原理与机械零件 Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Elements
机械原理与机械设计 Mechanical Principle and Mechanical Design
机械噪声控制 Control of Mechanical Noise
机械制造概论 Introduction to Mechanical Manufacture
机械制造工艺学 Technology of Mechanical Manufacture
机械制造基础 Fundamental of Mechanical Manufacture
机械制造基础(金属工艺学) Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing (Meta
机械制造系统自动化 Automation of Mechanical Manufacture System
机械制造中计算机控制 Computer Control in Mechanical Manufacture
机制工艺及夹具 Mechanical Technology and Clamps
积分变换 Integral Transformation
积分变换及数理方程 Integral Transformation & Mathematical Equations
积分变换控制工程 Integral Transformation Control Engineering
积分变换与动力工程 Integral Transforms & Dynamic Engineering
激光电源 Laser Power Devices
激光焊 Laser Welding
激光基础 Basis of Laser
激光技术 Laser Technology
激光加工 Laser Processing
激光器件 Laser Devices
激光器件与电源 Laser Devices & Power Source
激光原理 Principles of Laser
激光原理与技术 Laser Principles & Technology
极限分析 Limit Analysis
集合论与代数结构 Set Theory & Algebraical Structure
技术管理 Technological Management
技术经济 Technological Economy
技术经济学 Technological Economics
技术市场学 Technological Marketing
计量经济学 Measure Economics
计算方法 Computational Method
计算机导论 Introduction to Computers
计算机导论与实践 Introduction to Computers & Practice
计算机辅助设计 CAD
计算机辅助设计与仿真 Computer Aided Design & Imitation
计算机辅助语言教学 Computer-Aided Language Teaching
计算机辅助制造 Computer-Aided Manufacturing
计算机概论 Introduction to Computers
计算机绘图 Computer Graphics
计算机基础 Basis of Computer Engineering
计算机接口技术 Computer Interface Technology
计算机接口与通讯 Computer Interface & Communication
计算机局域网 Regional Network of Computers
计算机控制 Computer Controlling
计算机设计自动化 Automation of Computer Design
计算机实践 Computer Practice
计算机数据库 Computer Database
计算机算法基础 Basis of Computer Algorithm
计算机图形显示 Computer Graphic Demonstration
计算机图形学 Computer Graphics
计算机网络 Computer Networks
计算机系统结构 Computer Architecture
计算机语言处理 Computer Language Processing
计算机原理 Principle of Computer Engineering
计算机在化学中的应用 Application of Computer in Chemistry
计算机组成原理 Principles of Computer Composition
计算力学 Computational Mechanics
计算力学基础 Basis of Computational Mechanics
计算流体 Fluid Computation
继电保护新技术 New Technology of Relay Protection
继电保护原理 Principles of Relay Protection
继电保护运行 Relay-Protected Operation
检测技术 Measurement Technique
检测系统动力学 Detection System Dynamics
检测与控制 Detection & Controlling
简明社会学 Concise Sociology
简明世界史 Brief World History
减振设计 Vibration Absorption Designing
渐近方法 Asymptotical Method
建筑材料 Building Materials
建筑初步 Elementary Architecture
建筑防火 Building Fire Protection
建筑概论 Introduction to Architecture
建筑构造 Architectural Construction
建筑结构 Architectural Structure
建筑结构抗震设计 Anti-quake Architectural Structure Design
建筑经济与企业管理 Architectural Economy & Enterprise Management
建筑力学 Architectural Mechanics
建筑名作欣赏 Appreciation of Architectural Works
建筑入门 Elementary Architecture
建筑摄影 Architectural Photographing
建筑设备 Architectural Equipment
建筑设计 Architectural Design
建筑施工 Construction Technology
建筑绘画 Architectural Drawing
建筑物理 Architectural Physics
建筑制图 Architectural Graphing
胶体化学 Colloid Chemistry
交流调速系统 Alternating Current Governor System
教育心理学 Pedagogic Psychology
接口与控制器 Interface and Controller
接口与通讯 Interface and Communication
结构程序设计 Structural Program Designing
结构动力学 Structural Dynamics
结构化学 Structural Chemistry
结构检验 Structural Testing
结构力学 Structural Mechanics
结构素描 Structure Sketching
结构塑性分析 Structural Plasticity Analysis
结构稳定 Stability Analysis of Structures
结构先进技术 Advanced Structuring Technology
结构优化理论 Optimal Structure Theory
结构优化设计 Optimal Structure Designing
解析几何 Analytic Geometry
介质波导 Medium Wave Guide
介质测量 Medium Measurement
介质光学 Medium Optics
金属X射线学 Metal X-Ray Analysis
金属材料焊接 Metal Material Welding
金属材料学 Metal Material Science
金属材料与热处理 Metal Material & Heat Treatment
金属腐蚀与保护 Metal Erosion & Protection
金属腐蚀原理 Principles of Metal Erosion
金属工艺学 Metal Technics
金属焊接性基础 Elementary Metal Weldability
金属焊接原理 Principles of Metal Welding
金属机械性能 Mechanical Property of Metal
金属力学性能 Metal Mechanic Property
金属切削机床 Metal Cutting Machine Tool
金属切削原理及刀具 Principles of Metal Cutting & Cutters
金属熔焊原理 Principles of Metal Molten Welding
金属熔焊原理及工艺 Principles of Metal Molten Welding & Technique
金属熔炼 Metal Melting
金属塑性成形原理 Principles of Metal Forming
金属物理性能 Physical Property of Metal
金属学 Metallography
金属学与热处理 Metallography & Heat Treatment
金属学原理 Principles of Metallography
金相分析 Metallographic Analysis
金相技术 Metallographic Techniques
近代光学测试技术 Modern Optical Testing Technology
近代光学计量技术 Modern Optical Measuring Technology
近代经济史 Modern History of Economics
近代物理实验 Lab of Modern Physics
近世代数 Modern Algebra
晶体管原理 Principles of Transistors
晶体光学 Crystallographic Optics
精密测量技术 Technology of Precision Measurement
精密电气测量 Precise Electric Measurement
精密合金 Precise Alloy
精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery
精密机械课程设计 Course Design for Precision Machinery
精密机械零件 Precision Machinery Elements
精密机械设计基础 Elementary Precision Machinery Design
精密机械学 Precision Machinery
精细有机合成 Minute Organic Synthesis
经济地理 Economical Geography
经济法 Law of Economy
经济法学 Law of Economy
经济分析基础 Basis of Economic Analysis
经济控制论 Economical Cybernetics
经济社会学 Economic Sociology
经济新闻 Economic News
经济学说史 History of Economics
经济学原理 Principles of Economics
经济预测 Economic Predicting
经济预测与管理奖惩 Economic Predicting & Management
经济原理 Principles of Economy
经济运筹学 Economic Operation Research
经济增长理论 Theory of Economic Growth
经营管理 Operation Management
经营管理学 Operation Management
静力学 Statics
纠错编码 Error Correction of Coding
决策分析 Analysis of Policy Making
绝缘在线检测 Insulation Live Testing
军事理论 Military Theory
抗干扰技术 Anti-Jamming Technique
科技翻译 Scientific English Translation
科技管理 Technological Management
科技史 History of Science & Technology
科技史及新技术知识 History of Science & Knowledge of New Technology
科技写作 Scientific Writing
科技新闻 Scientific News
科技英语 Scientific English
科技英语基础 Elementary Scientific English
科技英语阅读 Readings of Scientific English
科技与社会 Science & Society
科学方法论 Scientific Methodology
科学技术史 History of Science & Technology
科学计量 Scientific Measurement
科学社会学概论 Introduction to Scientific Socialism
科学社会主义 Scientific Socialism
科学思维方法 Methods of Scientific Thinking
科学学 Scientology
可计算性 Calculability
可靠性 Reliability
可靠性及故障诊断 Reliability & Error Diagnosis
可靠性技术导论 Introduction to Reliability Technology
可靠性数学 Reliable Mathematics
可靠性物理 Reliability Physics
可逆式机组 Reversible Machinery Group
可逆式水力机械 Reversible Hydraulic Machinery
空气调节与通风 Air Regulation & Ventilation
空气动力学 Aerodynamics
控制电机 Electrical Machines for Control
控制工程 Control Engineering
控制工程基础 Basis of Control Engineering
控制理论 Theory of Control
控制理论基础 Elementary Theory of Control
控制理论基础与水轮机调节 Elementary Theory of Control & Water Turbine Regulation
控制系统设计 Control System Design
控制系统数字仿真 Control System Digital Imitation
口译 Oral Interpretation
口语实践 Oral Practice
快速阅读 Fast Reading
劳动工资管理 Management of Labor Wages
乐理 Music Theory
雷达原理 Principles of Radar
雷电静电及环境 Radar Static Electricity & Environment
冷冻干燥技术 Freeze Drying Technique
冷冻技术 Refrigeration Technique
冷库设计 Refrigerating House Design
离散数学 Discrete Mathematics
离心泵与轴流泵 Centrifugal Pumps & Axial Pumps
离心式压缩机模拟 Centrifugal Compressor Imitation
离心式压缩机强度 Centrifugal Compressor Intensity
离心式压缩机原理 Principles of Centrifugal Compressors
理论力学 Theoretical Mechanics
力热学 Mechanics & Thermology
力学,热学 Mechanics & Thermology
力学性能测试 Mechanics Performance Testing
两相流动和传热 Two-phase Flow & Thermal Conduction
量子力学 Quantum Mechanics
劣质煤燃烧与利用 Tinpot Coal Combustion & Use
零件设计 Element Design
领导科学 Leadership Science
流场数值计算及性能预测 Numerical Calculation of Flow Field
流态化工程 Fluidization Engineering
流体力学 Fluid Mechanics
六朝文论 Articles of Six Dynasties
鲁迅研究 Research on LU Xun
轮机概论 Introduction to Turbines
伦理学 Ethics
论文写作 Thesis Writing
论文指导 Thesis Supervision
螺杆压缩机 Spiral Lobe Compressor
逻辑设计 Logic Design
逻辑学 Logic Theory
马克思主义原理 Principles of Marxism
马列(社会学)原著选读 Selected Readings of Marx's & Lenin's Original Works
马列哲学原著选读 Selected Readings of Marx's & Lenin's Original Works
马列主义原理 Principles of Marxism & Leninism
马氏规划 Martensitic Planning
脉冲功率放大 Pulse Power Magnification
脉冲与数字电路 Pulse & Digital Circuit
毛泽东思想哲学研究 Research on Mao Zedong\'s Thinking Philosophy
煤粉燃烧技术及测量技术 Coal Power Combustion & Technology and Measurement
美国文学作品选读 Selected Readings of American Literature
美术粉彩 Art Powder Paint
美术室外建筑写生 Outdoors Architectural Sketch
美术素描 Art Sketch
美学概论 Introduction to Aesthetics
秘书学 Secretary Science
密封技术 Sealing Technology
免疫学 Immunity
敏感元件及材料 Sensors & Materials
明清小说研究 Research on Novels of Ming & Qing Dynasties
名篇赏析 Appreciation of Master Pieces
模糊数学 Fuzzy Mathematics
模具计算机辅助设计 Computer Aided Design of Models
模拟电子技术 Analog Electronics Technique
模拟电子技术基础 Basic Analog Electronics
模拟电子线路 Analog Electrical Circuitry
模拟集成电路 Analog Integrated Circuitry
模式识别 Matrix Recognition
模型辨识 Model Distinguish
磨削原理 Principle of Grinding and Cutting
耐腐蚀非金属材料 Erosion-Resisting Non-metallic Materials
内燃机测试技术 IC Engine Test Technology
内燃机调节 IC Engine Regulation
内燃机动力学 IC Engine Dynamics
内燃机概论 Introduction to IC Engine
内燃机排气净化 Purification of IC Exhaustive Gas
内燃机设计 IC Engine Design
内燃机原理 Principles of Internal-Combustion Engine
内燃机制造工艺学 IC Manufacturing Technology
能源工程 Energy Source Engineering
扭转振动 Torque Vibration
排压力波计算 Computation of Pressure Extraction Wave
配位化学 Coordination Chemistry
疲劳断裂力学 Fatigue Fracture Mechanics
偏微分方程 Partial Differential Equation
偏微分方程数值解 Numerical Solution of Partial Differential Equation
评报 Commentary Report
评论写作 Commentary Writing
普通化学 General Chemistry
普通生物学 General Biology
普通物理 General Physics
普通物理实验 Lab of General Physics
企业供销管理 Management of Enterprise Supply & Sales
企业管理 Enterprise Management
企业管理与技术经济 Enterprise Management & Technological Economy
企业经营经济学 Enterprise Management Economics
企业社会学 Enterprise Sociology
企业生产物流 Productive Physical Distribution of Enterprise
企业物流 Physical Distribution of Enterprise
气阀原理 Principles of Air Valves
气固两相流 Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas % Solid
气体放电及应用 Gas Discharge & Application
气体激光器 Gas Laser Devices
气体制冷机 Gas Refrigerator
气压传动 Pneumatic Transmission
汽车驾驶技术 Driving Skills
汽轮机调节 Steam Turbine Adjustment
生物物理学 Biophysics
真空冷冻干燥技术 Vacuum Freezing & Drying Technology
Showing posts with label Education. Show all posts
Showing posts with label Education. Show all posts
Wednesday, August 18, 2010
Wednesday, July 28, 2010
PK是什么意思 - What does PK mean?
1、penalty kick的缩写： 指足球比赛中的点球大战，是足球比赛中最惊心动魄、一球决定胜负的时刻。其他体育运动也有类似的PK说法：
2、 player killing的缩写： 一种打斗方式，引申为“单挑”，来源于网络游戏中玩家之间的对打，是电脑游戏中的专有名词， 即两个玩家决斗，单挑决出谁是胜者。PK 这个词从 MUD 时代就广为流传。
英文解释：
- Penalty kill, in ice hockey， 冰球
- Placekicker, in American football， 橄榄球
- Pickoff, in baseball， 棒球
2、 player killing的缩写： 一种打斗方式，引申为“单挑”，来源于网络游戏中玩家之间的对打，是电脑游戏中的专有名词， 即两个玩家决斗，单挑决出谁是胜者。PK 这个词从 MUD 时代就广为流传。
英文解释：
- Player killer, a person who kills other players in MMORPGs and MUDs
- Player killing, player versus player conflict in MMORPGs and MUDs
Monday, July 26, 2010
foundation chemistry 基础化学
acid 酸
apparatus 仪器，装置
aqueous solution 水溶液
arrangement of electrons 电子排列
assumption 假设
atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）
atomic mass 原子量
atomic number 原子序数
atomic radius 原子半径
atomic structure 原子结构
be composed of 由……组成
bombardment 撞击
boundary 界限
cathode rays 阴极射线
cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器
ceramic 陶器制品
charge-clouds 电子云
charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）
chemical behaviour 化学行为
chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）
clockwise 顺时针方向的
compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）
configuration 构型
copper 铜
correspond to 相似
corrosive 腐蚀
d-block elements d 区元素
deflect 使偏向，使转向
derive from 源于
deuterium 氘
diffuse mixture 扩散混合物
distance effect 距离效应
distil 蒸馏
distinguish 区别
distribution 分布
doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子
dye 染料
effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响
electrical charge 电荷
electrical field 电场
electrically neutral atom 电中性原子
electricity 电
electrolysis 电解
electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）
electron shielding 电子屏蔽
element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）
emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）
energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）
fertiliser 肥料
first ionisation energy 一级电离能
fluorescent screen 荧光屏
fluoride 氟化物
fuel 燃料
fundamental substance 基础物质
fuzzy 模糊的
galaxy 星系，银河
gas 气体
gaseous state 气态
gravity 重力
GroupⅠ 第一族
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理
hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸
identical 同一的，相等的
in terms of 根据，在……方面
innermost 最内的，最深的
interaction 相互作用
internal structure 内部结构
interpret 解释
investigate 研究,调查
ionisation energy 电离能（从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）
ionise 电离
isotope 同位素（原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）
J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验
Latin 拉丁
lepton 轻粒子
liquid 液体
magnet 磁铁
magnetic field 磁场
Maltese Cross 马耳他十字
marble 大理石
mass number 质量数
matter 物质
metal foil 金箔
meteorite 陨星
microbe 微生物，细菌
Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验
model-building 模型建筑
mole 摩尔（表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）
molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）
narrow beam 狭窄的光线
negative electrode（cathode） 阴极
negligible 可以忽略的
neutron 中子
nitrate 硝酸盐
noble gas 稀有气体
normal pressures 常压
nuclear charge （原子）核电荷
nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型
nuclear reaction 核反应
nucleus （pl.nuclei） 核
Orbital 轨道
paraffin wax 石蜡
particle 微粒，粒子
Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理（每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反 ）
Periodic Table 周期表
physical property 物理性质（物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）
plastics 塑料
plum-pudding 李子布丁
positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）
positive electrode (anode) 阳极
positively charged particle (ion) 离子
potential difference 电位
prediction 预言
principal quantum number 主量子数（标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）
probe 探测，探究
protium 氕
proton 质子
quantum （pl. quanta） 量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）
quantum mechanics 量子力学
Quantum Theory 量子理论
quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）
radioactive source 放射源
repel 排斥
repulsion 斥力
respectively 分别地
rung 梯级
scattering effect 散射作用
Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）
scintillation 火花
shell 电子壳层
shielding effect 屏蔽效应
simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）
solid 固体
sphere 球
spin 自旋
stable state 稳态
sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子
subset 子集，小团体
successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能
symbol 符号
symmetry 对称
the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道
transition elements 过渡元素
tritium 氚
X-ray X 射线
α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle（带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）
α-ray α 射线
β-particles β粒子
β-ray β 射线
γ-patticles γ粒子
γ-rayγ 射线
apparatus 仪器，装置
aqueous solution 水溶液
arrangement of electrons 电子排列
assumption 假设
atom 原子（化学变化中的最小粒子）
atomic mass 原子量
atomic number 原子序数
atomic radius 原子半径
atomic structure 原子结构
be composed of 由……组成
bombardment 撞击
boundary 界限
cathode rays 阴极射线
cathode-ray oscilloscope (C.R.O) 阴极电子示波器
ceramic 陶器制品
charge-clouds 电子云
charge-to-mass ratio(e/m) 质荷比（质谱分析时样品质量的测量以质量与其离子电荷之比表示）
chemical behaviour 化学行为
chemical property 化学性质（物质在化学变化中表现出来的性质）
clockwise 顺时针方向的
compound 化合物（由不同元素组成的纯净物）
configuration 构型
copper 铜
correspond to 相似
corrosive 腐蚀
d-block elements d 区元素
deflect 使偏向，使转向
derive from 源于
deuterium 氘
diffuse mixture 扩散混合物
distance effect 距离效应
distil 蒸馏
distinguish 区别
distribution 分布
doubly charged(2+) ion 正二价离子
dye 染料
effect of electric current in solutions 电流在溶液里的影响
electrical charge 电荷
electrical field 电场
electrically neutral atom 电中性原子
electricity 电
electrolysis 电解
electron 电子（负电荷粒子，电量等于4.77×10-10绝对静电单位）
electron shielding 电子屏蔽
element 元素（具有相同核电荷数即荷内质子数的一类原子的总称）
emission spectrum 发射光谱（根据发射光源和激发能量方式所产生的特征电磁波谱）
energy level 能态，能级（稳态能量，有相同主量数的电子壳层）
fertiliser 肥料
first ionisation energy 一级电离能
fluorescent screen 荧光屏
fluoride 氟化物
fuel 燃料
fundamental substance 基础物质
fuzzy 模糊的
galaxy 星系，银河
gas 气体
gaseous state 气态
gravity 重力
GroupⅠ 第一族
Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle 海森堡测不准原理
hydrofluoric acid 氢氟酸
identical 同一的，相等的
in terms of 根据，在……方面
innermost 最内的，最深的
interaction 相互作用
internal structure 内部结构
interpret 解释
investigate 研究,调查
ionisation energy 电离能（从原子或分子中移走一个电子至无穷远处所需的能量，以电子伏特eV表示）
ionise 电离
isotope 同位素（原子里具有相同的质子数和不同的中子数的同一元素的原子互称同位素）
J.J. Thomson’s e/m experiment 汤姆森质何比实验
Latin 拉丁
lepton 轻粒子
liquid 液体
magnet 磁铁
magnetic field 磁场
Maltese Cross 马耳他十字
marble 大理石
mass number 质量数
matter 物质
metal foil 金箔
meteorite 陨星
microbe 微生物，细菌
Millikan’s ‘oil-drop’ ecperiment 密立根油滴实验
model-building 模型建筑
mole 摩尔（表示一个系统的物质的量的单位，该系统中所包含的基本单元数与12g碳12即12C的原子数目相等,每摩尔物质含有阿佛加德罗常数个微粒）
molecule 分子（保持物质的化学性质的最小粒子）
narrow beam 狭窄的光线
negative electrode（cathode） 阴极
negligible 可以忽略的
neutron 中子
nitrate 硝酸盐
noble gas 稀有气体
normal pressures 常压
nuclear charge （原子）核电荷
nuclear model for atoms 原子核模型
nuclear reaction 核反应
nucleus （pl.nuclei） 核
Orbital 轨道
paraffin wax 石蜡
particle 微粒，粒子
Pauli exclusion principle 保里不相容原理（每个原子轨道至多只能容纳两个电子；而且，这两个电子自旋方向必须相反 ）
Periodic Table 周期表
physical property 物理性质（物质不需要发生化学变化就表现出来的性质，如颜色、状态、气味、熔沸点、密度等）
plastics 塑料
plum-pudding 李子布丁
positive charge 正电荷（带有质子的物质，用丝绸摩擦玻璃棒，在棒上会产生正电荷）
positive electrode (anode) 阳极
positively charged particle (ion) 离子
potential difference 电位
prediction 预言
principal quantum number 主量子数（标示轨道电子的波函数，包括轨道角动量和自旋量子数，电子的能级和距原子核的平均距离主要取决于主量子数）
probe 探测，探究
protium 氕
proton 质子
quantum （pl. quanta） 量子（一个电子转移到原子的下一层轨道时发出的有限辐射能单位）
quantum mechanics 量子力学
Quantum Theory 量子理论
quark 夸克（组成基本粒子的更小的粒子）
radioactive source 放射源
repel 排斥
repulsion 斥力
respectively 分别地
rung 梯级
scattering effect 散射作用
Schr?dinger equation 薛定谔（波动）方程（一偏微分方程，描述基本粒子波动性）
scintillation 火花
shell 电子壳层
shielding effect 屏蔽效应
simpler substance 单质（指由同种元素组成的纯净物）
solid 固体
sphere 球
spin 自旋
stable state 稳态
sub-atomic particle 原子内的粒子
subset 子集，小团体
successive ionisation energy 逐级电离能
symbol 符号
symmetry 对称
the lowest-energy orbitals 最低能量轨道
transition elements 过渡元素
tritium 氚
X-ray X 射线
α-particles α粒子，即alpha-particle（带有两个质子和中子的粒子，即氦原子核，对物质的穿透力较强，流速约为光速的1/10）
α-ray α 射线
β-particles β粒子
β-ray β 射线
γ-patticles γ粒子
γ-rayγ 射线
Thursday, July 22, 2010
Thirty-Six Stratagems - 三十六计
1. 瞒天过海 crossing the sea under camouflage
2. 围魏救赵 relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei
3. 借刀杀人 killing someone with a borrowed knife
4. 以逸待劳 waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy
5. 趁火打劫 plundering a burning house
6. 声东击西 making a feint to the east and attacking in the west
7. 无中生有 creating something out of nothing
8. 暗渡陈仓 advancing secretly by an unknown path
9. 隔岸观火 watching a fire from the other side of the river
10. 笑里藏刀 covering the dagger with a smile
11. 李代桃僵 palming off substitute for the real thing
12. 顺手牵羊 picking up something in passing
13. 打草惊蛇 beating the grass to frighten the snake
14. 借尸还魂 resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse
15. 调虎离山 luring the tiger out of his den
16. 欲擒故纵 letting the enemy off in order to catch him
17. 抛砖引玉 giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things
18. 擒贼擒王 capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers
19. 釜底抽薪 extracting the firewood from under the cauldron
20. 混水摸鱼 muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters
21. 金蝉脱壳 slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin
22. 关门捉贼 catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route
23. 远交近攻 befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy
24. 假途伐虢 attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor
25. 偷梁换柱 stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers
26. 指桑骂槐 reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry
27. 假痴不癫 feigning madness without becoming insane
28. 上屋抽梯 removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof
29. 树上开花 putting artificial flowers on trees
30. 反客为主 turning from the guest into the host
31. 美人计 using seductive women to corrupt the enemy
32. 空城计 presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness
33. 反间计 sowing discord among the enemy
34. 苦肉计 deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man
35. 连环计 coordinating one stratagem with another
36. 走为上 decamping being the best; running away as the best choice
2. 围魏救赵 relieving the state of Zhao by besieging the state of Wei
3. 借刀杀人 killing someone with a borrowed knife
4. 以逸待劳 waiting at one’s ease for the exhausted enemy
5. 趁火打劫 plundering a burning house
6. 声东击西 making a feint to the east and attacking in the west
7. 无中生有 creating something out of nothing
8. 暗渡陈仓 advancing secretly by an unknown path
9. 隔岸观火 watching a fire from the other side of the river
10. 笑里藏刀 covering the dagger with a smile
11. 李代桃僵 palming off substitute for the real thing
12. 顺手牵羊 picking up something in passing
13. 打草惊蛇 beating the grass to frighten the snake
14. 借尸还魂 resurrecting a dead soul by borrowing a corpse
15. 调虎离山 luring the tiger out of his den
16. 欲擒故纵 letting the enemy off in order to catch him
17. 抛砖引玉 giving the enemy something to induce him to lose more valuable things
18. 擒贼擒王 capturing the ringleader first in order to capture all the followers
19. 釜底抽薪 extracting the firewood from under the cauldron
20. 混水摸鱼 muddling the water to catch the fish; fishing in troubled waters
21. 金蝉脱壳 slipping away by casting off a cloak; getting away like the cicada sloughing its skin
22. 关门捉贼 catching the thief by closing / blocking his escape route
23. 远交近攻 befriending the distant enemy while attacking a nearby enemy
24. 假途伐虢 attacking the enemy by passing through a common neighbor
25. 偷梁换柱 stealing the beams and pillars and replacing them with rotten timbers
26. 指桑骂槐 reviling/ abusing the locust tree while pointing to the mulberry
27. 假痴不癫 feigning madness without becoming insane
28. 上屋抽梯 removing the ladder after the enemy has climbed up the roof
29. 树上开花 putting artificial flowers on trees
30. 反客为主 turning from the guest into the host
31. 美人计 using seductive women to corrupt the enemy
32. 空城计 presenting a bold front to conceal unpreparedness
33. 反间计 sowing discord among the enemy
34. 苦肉计 deceiving the enemy by torturing one’s own man
35. 连环计 coordinating one stratagem with another
36. 走为上 decamping being the best; running away as the best choice
Friday, September 5, 2008
英语词汇中的哑音字母及拼写
世界上所有活的语言都处在不断地发展变化之中。几个世纪以来，英语的语音发生了巨大的变化，一些原 来在古英语中和古英语时期发音的字母（如字母b在climb，thumb等词后面原有发音的）现在已变得不再发音， 但英语的拼写却基本保持原来的样子，这给英语单词的拼写带来了一定的困难。高年级学生的英文作文中时常 出现单词误拼和字母漏拼现象，大部分都是由于哑音字母造成的。本文把英语单词中常见的不发音的辅单字母 进行归类整理，希望对英语学习者和英语爱好者单词的拼写能有一定的帮助。
●1哑音字母b：字母b在m之后或t之前且mb, bt处于单词的末尾时（注意：member中的b发音，因为mb不在 词尾），b往往不发音。如：
（1）bomb炸弹；climb爬；comb梳子；crumb面包屑；dumb 哑；lamb羊羔；limb手足；mumb麻木的；thum b拇指；tomb坟墓。
（2）debt债务；doubt怀疑。
这两个词中字母b是中世纪时为了与拉丁语对应强加给英语的， 在英语的发音中b从来就没有出现过。
●2 哑音字母c:indict起诉
●3 哑音字母ch:yacht游艇
●4 哑音字母d：
handkerchief手帕；handsome英俊；Wednesday星期三
●5 哑音字母g：g在m和n前构成的字母组合gm/gn在词首或词尾时，g原来是发音的，随着时间的推移，／ g／音失去了，但原来的拼写形式仍保留了下来。在下列单词中，字母g是不发音的：
align 排队； design设计；
gnarled 多节的； gnat蚋；
paradigm 范例； reign朝代；
resign 辞职； sign 符号；
*gm/gn不在词首或词尾时，字母g仍须发音。如：
signature 签名； designation 指定；
paradigmatic 范例的
●6 哑音字母gh：日尔曼语中的／x／音在古英语中是用字母组合gh来表示的，随着语言的发展，摩擦音／ x／消失了，gh 前边的元音变长了（这就是gh前的元音常发长音的缘故），但／x／音的拼写符号gh却保留了 下来。在现代英语中，gh在t前常常是不发音的。如：
blight 枯萎病； bright 明亮的；
bough 大树枝； caught 抓住；
daughter 女儿； dough 面团；
eight 八； fight 战斗；
flight 飞行； freight 货物；
frighten 害怕； height 高度；
light 光； might 也许；
ought 应该； straight 一直；
right 正确； thought 思想；
weight 重量。
●7 哑音字母h：哑音字母h在词首、词尾（有时在名中）以及在g，r，w（有时t）之后与其构成字母组合 时，字母h常常是不发音的：
（1）在词首：
heir 继承人； heirloom 传家宝；
herb 草药； honest 诚实；
honor 名誉； hour 小时；
（2）在词尾：
catarrh 粘膜炎； oh 哦；
（3）在词中：
exhibition 展览； vehement 热烈的；
vehicle 车辆； John约翰；
prohibition 禁止； shepherd 牧羊人；
（4） 在gn，rh，wh（有时th）等字母组合中：ghastly 可怖地；ghetto贫民窟；ghost幽灵；rhinocero s犀牛；rhinestone 莱茵水晶石；rhyme韵；rhythm节奏；Thailand泰国；what什么；wheat小麦；why为什么；
●8哑音字母k：k在n前构成的kn字母组合，在英语和日尔曼语发音相近时，k和n都是发音的。英语语音演 变的结果，／k／音脱落了， 而拼写却保留了下来。下列常用词汇中k都是不发音的：
knack技巧； knapsack登山背包；
knee膝盖； kneel下跪；
knife刀； knit编织（毛衣）；
knob球形把手； knock敲；
knot结； know知道；
knowledge知识。
●9哑音字母l：字母l在元音字母a或o之后且位于f，v，k，m诸辅字母之前时，l通常不发音，如：
calf 小牛； half 一半；
calm 平静； palm手掌，椰子；
talk 谈话； walk 步行；
folk 人们； yolk 蛋黄；
●10 哑音字母m：mnemonics 记忆术
●11 哑音字母n：字母n位于m之后且在词尾时，n不发音。 常见的词有：
autumn 秋天； column 圆柱；
condemn 谴责； hymn 赞美诗／圣歌；
solemn 庄严。
●12哑音字母p：英语中大部分以pn，ps，pt pb开头或结尾的单词大都源于希腊语中表示科学或文学的词 语，在现代英语中，字母p 已不再发音：
（1）pn 组合：
pneumatic 空气的； pneumonia 肺炎
（2）ps 组合：
psalm 赞美诗／圣诗； pseudonym 笔名；
psychiatrist 精神分析家； psychologist 心理学家
（3）pt 组合：
ptomaine 尸毒； receipt 收条；
（4） pb 组合：cupboard 碗柜
●13 哑音字母s：字母s出现在i之后l之前时，常常不发音：
aisle 通道； isle 小岛；
island 岛屿； viscount 子爵。
●14 哑音字母t：字母t在s之后，en之前时，常常不发音：
bustle 忙碌； castle 城堡；
hustle 赶忙； fasten 系牢；
listen 听； glisten 闪闪发光；
often 经常； soften 变软；
bouquet 花束； mortgage 抵押；
●15 哑音字母th： asthma 哮喘
●16 哑音字母w：字母w在wr和wh的字母组合中，常常不发音：
sword 剑； two 二；
who谁（主格）； whom谁（宾格）；
whose 谁的； wrap 包裹；
wreath 花环； wreck 失事；
wrench 拧； wrestle 摔跤；
wring 扭； wrinkle 皱纹；
write 写； wrong 错误的；
wrought 做成的。
●17 哑音字母x：faux pas 失礼
●18 哑音字母z：rendezvous 幽会。
音变是语言发展过程中重要的语言现象，它记录了语言的发展史。各种语言在吸收外来词的过程中，都要 经过“归化”过程，对不被本民族所接受的词语和语音，会逐渐被淘汰，代之以合乎本民族习惯的词语和语音 来。就语音和拼写来看，语言的发展和变化要比拼写的变化大得多，语音的脱落给我们的单词拼写带来了一定 的困难。希望本文对英语学习者和英语爱好者单词的拼写能有一定的启发和帮助，不当之处，还望大家指正。
●1哑音字母b：字母b在m之后或t之前且mb, bt处于单词的末尾时（注意：member中的b发音，因为mb不在 词尾），b往往不发音。如：
（1）bomb炸弹；climb爬；comb梳子；crumb面包屑；dumb 哑；lamb羊羔；limb手足；mumb麻木的；thum b拇指；tomb坟墓。
（2）debt债务；doubt怀疑。
这两个词中字母b是中世纪时为了与拉丁语对应强加给英语的， 在英语的发音中b从来就没有出现过。
●2 哑音字母c:indict起诉
●3 哑音字母ch:yacht游艇
●4 哑音字母d：
handkerchief手帕；handsome英俊；Wednesday星期三
●5 哑音字母g：g在m和n前构成的字母组合gm/gn在词首或词尾时，g原来是发音的，随着时间的推移，／ g／音失去了，但原来的拼写形式仍保留了下来。在下列单词中，字母g是不发音的：
align 排队； design设计；
gnarled 多节的； gnat蚋；
paradigm 范例； reign朝代；
resign 辞职； sign 符号；
*gm/gn不在词首或词尾时，字母g仍须发音。如：
signature 签名； designation 指定；
paradigmatic 范例的
●6 哑音字母gh：日尔曼语中的／x／音在古英语中是用字母组合gh来表示的，随着语言的发展，摩擦音／ x／消失了，gh 前边的元音变长了（这就是gh前的元音常发长音的缘故），但／x／音的拼写符号gh却保留了 下来。在现代英语中，gh在t前常常是不发音的。如：
blight 枯萎病； bright 明亮的；
bough 大树枝； caught 抓住；
daughter 女儿； dough 面团；
eight 八； fight 战斗；
flight 飞行； freight 货物；
frighten 害怕； height 高度；
light 光； might 也许；
ought 应该； straight 一直；
right 正确； thought 思想；
weight 重量。
●7 哑音字母h：哑音字母h在词首、词尾（有时在名中）以及在g，r，w（有时t）之后与其构成字母组合 时，字母h常常是不发音的：
（1）在词首：
heir 继承人； heirloom 传家宝；
herb 草药； honest 诚实；
honor 名誉； hour 小时；
（2）在词尾：
catarrh 粘膜炎； oh 哦；
（3）在词中：
exhibition 展览； vehement 热烈的；
vehicle 车辆； John约翰；
prohibition 禁止； shepherd 牧羊人；
（4） 在gn，rh，wh（有时th）等字母组合中：ghastly 可怖地；ghetto贫民窟；ghost幽灵；rhinocero s犀牛；rhinestone 莱茵水晶石；rhyme韵；rhythm节奏；Thailand泰国；what什么；wheat小麦；why为什么；
●8哑音字母k：k在n前构成的kn字母组合，在英语和日尔曼语发音相近时，k和n都是发音的。英语语音演 变的结果，／k／音脱落了， 而拼写却保留了下来。下列常用词汇中k都是不发音的：
knack技巧； knapsack登山背包；
knee膝盖； kneel下跪；
knife刀； knit编织（毛衣）；
knob球形把手； knock敲；
knot结； know知道；
knowledge知识。
●9哑音字母l：字母l在元音字母a或o之后且位于f，v，k，m诸辅字母之前时，l通常不发音，如：
calf 小牛； half 一半；
calm 平静； palm手掌，椰子；
talk 谈话； walk 步行；
folk 人们； yolk 蛋黄；
●10 哑音字母m：mnemonics 记忆术
●11 哑音字母n：字母n位于m之后且在词尾时，n不发音。 常见的词有：
autumn 秋天； column 圆柱；
condemn 谴责； hymn 赞美诗／圣歌；
solemn 庄严。
●12哑音字母p：英语中大部分以pn，ps，pt pb开头或结尾的单词大都源于希腊语中表示科学或文学的词 语，在现代英语中，字母p 已不再发音：
（1）pn 组合：
pneumatic 空气的； pneumonia 肺炎
（2）ps 组合：
psalm 赞美诗／圣诗； pseudonym 笔名；
psychiatrist 精神分析家； psychologist 心理学家
（3）pt 组合：
ptomaine 尸毒； receipt 收条；
（4） pb 组合：cupboard 碗柜
●13 哑音字母s：字母s出现在i之后l之前时，常常不发音：
aisle 通道； isle 小岛；
island 岛屿； viscount 子爵。
●14 哑音字母t：字母t在s之后，en之前时，常常不发音：
bustle 忙碌； castle 城堡；
hustle 赶忙； fasten 系牢；
listen 听； glisten 闪闪发光；
often 经常； soften 变软；
bouquet 花束； mortgage 抵押；
●15 哑音字母th： asthma 哮喘
●16 哑音字母w：字母w在wr和wh的字母组合中，常常不发音：
sword 剑； two 二；
who谁（主格）； whom谁（宾格）；
whose 谁的； wrap 包裹；
wreath 花环； wreck 失事；
wrench 拧； wrestle 摔跤；
wring 扭； wrinkle 皱纹；
write 写； wrong 错误的；
wrought 做成的。
●17 哑音字母x：faux pas 失礼
●18 哑音字母z：rendezvous 幽会。
音变是语言发展过程中重要的语言现象，它记录了语言的发展史。各种语言在吸收外来词的过程中，都要 经过“归化”过程，对不被本民族所接受的词语和语音，会逐渐被淘汰，代之以合乎本民族习惯的词语和语音 来。就语音和拼写来看，语言的发展和变化要比拼写的变化大得多，语音的脱落给我们的单词拼写带来了一定 的困难。希望本文对英语学习者和英语爱好者单词的拼写能有一定的启发和帮助，不当之处，还望大家指正。
Thursday, August 28, 2008
考研英语高频词汇表-5
| subordinate | adj.次要的, 从属的, 下级的 |
| n.下属 | |
| v.服从 | |
| subscribe | v.捐款, 订阅, 签署（文件）, 赞成, 预订 |
| substitute | n.代用品, 代替者, 替代品 |
| v.代替, 替换, 替代 | |
| subtract | v.（～ from）减去, 减 |
| sue | vt.控告, 向...请求, 请愿 |
| vi.提出诉讼, 提出请求 | |
| suffice | vi.足够, 有能力 |
| vt.使满足 | |
| suicide | n.自杀, 自毁, 给自己带来伤害或损失的行为 |
| summarize | v.概述, 总结, 摘要而言 |
| supervise | v.监督, 管理, 指导 |
| supplement | n.补遗, 补充, 附录, 增刊 |
| v.补充 | |
| supplicate | v.恳求, 哀求, 恳请, 祈祷 |
| suppress | vt.镇压, 抑制, 查禁, 使止住 |
| surge | n.巨涌, 汹涌, 澎湃 |
| vi.汹涌, 澎湃, 振荡, 滑脱, 放松 | |
| vt.使汹涌奔腾, 急放 | |
| surpass | vt.超越, 胜过 |
| surrender | vt.交出, 放弃, 使投降, 听任 |
| vi.投降, 自首 | |
| n.交出, 放弃, 投降 | |
| 投降算了 | |
| suspend | vt.吊, 悬挂 |
| v.延缓 | |
| suspense | n.焦虑, 悬念, 悬而不决 |
| sustain | vt.支撑, 撑住, 维持, 持续 |
| swallow | n.[鸟]燕子, 吞咽, 喉 |
| vt.咽, 淹没, 吞没, 取消, 忍受, 轻信, 压制, 耗尽 | |
| vi.吞下, 咽下 | |
| swear | vi.诅咒 |
| v.宣誓, 发誓 | |
| sympathize | vi.同情, 共鸣, 同感, 同意, 吊唁 |
| systematize | v.系统化 |
| tackle | n.工具, 复滑车, 滑车, 辘轱, 用具, 装备, 扭倒 |
| vt.固定, 应付（难事等）, 处理, 解决, 抓住 | |
| vi.捉住, 扭住, 扭倒 | |
| tangle | n.混乱状态 |
| v.处于混乱状态 | |
| tarnish | v.失去光泽 |
| tease | n.揶揄, 戏弄, 逗惹 |
| vt.取笑, 逗恼, 奚落, 欺负, 嘲弄, 取笑, 强求, 梳理 | |
| terminate | v.停止, 结束, 终止 |
| testify | v.证明, 证实, 作证 |
| thrash | vt.打（谷）, （用棍、鞭等）痛打, 打败, 使逆行, 胜过, 使颠簸, 推敲 |
| vi.打谷, 击, 颠簸, 逆行 | |
| n.打谷, 逆风浪行进 | |
| threaten | vt.恐吓, 威胁, 预示（危险）, 似有发生或来临的可能, 可能来临 |
| thrive | v.兴旺, 繁荣, 茁壮成长, 旺盛 |
| thrust | n.插, 戳, 刺, 推力, 猛推, 口头攻击 |
| vt.力推, 冲, 插入, 挤进, 刺, 戳, 强加, 延伸 | |
| vi.插入, 刺, 戳, 延伸, 强行推进 | |
| tighten | v.变紧, 绷紧, 拉紧 |
| tolerate | vt.忍受, 容忍 |
| topple | v.倾倒 |
| transcend | vt.超越, 胜过 |
| transfer | n.迁移, 移动, 传递, 转移, 调任, 转帐, 过户, 转让 |
| vt.转移, 调转, 调任, 传递, 转让, 改变 | |
| vi.转移, 转学, 换车 | |
| transform | vt.转换, 改变, 改造, 使...变形 |
| vi.改变, 转化, 变换 | |
| n.[数]变换（式）, [语]转换 | |
| transport | n.传送器, 运输, 运输机, 激动, 流放犯, 狂喜 |
| vt.传送, 运输, 流放, 放逐 | |
| traverse | n.横贯, 横断, 横木, 障碍, 否认, 反驳, （建筑）通廊 |
| vt.横过, 穿过, 经过, 在...来回移动, 反对, 详细研究 | |
| vi.横越, 横断, 旋转, 来回移动 | |
| adj.横断的, 横的 | |
| tremble | n.战栗, 颤抖 |
| vi.战栗, 发抖, 震动, （树叶等）摇晃.摇动, 焦虑 | |
| vt.挥动, 用颤抖的声音说出 | |
| trigger | vt.引发, 引起, 触发 |
| n.板机 | |
| twist | n.一扭, 扭曲, 盘旋, 曲折, 歪曲, 手法, 螺旋状 |
| vt.拧, 扭曲, 绞, 搓, 捻, 使苦恼, 使转动, 编织 | |
| vi.扭弯, 扭曲, 缠绕, 扭动, 呈螺旋形 | |
| typify | v.代表 |
| undergo | vt.经历, 遭受, 忍受 |
| underline | vt.在...下面划线, 作...的衬里, 加下划线, 强调 |
| n.下划线 | |
| undermine | v.破坏 |
| unveil | vt.使公诸于众, 揭开, 揭幕, 除去...的面纱 |
| vi.显露, 除去面纱 | |
| uphold | vt.支持, 赞成 |
| uproar | n.喧嚣, 骚动 |
| usurp | v.篡夺, 篡位, 侵占 |
| utilize | vt.利用 |
| utter | adj.全然的, 绝对的 |
| vt.发出, 做声, 发表, 发射, 流通 | |
| vaccinate | v.进行预防接种n.被接种牛痘者 |
| vanish | vi.消失, 突然不见, [数]成为零 |
| n.[语]弱化音 | |
| vanquish | vt.征服, 击败, 克服 |
| ventilate | vt.使通风, 给...装通风设备 |
| verdict | n.[律]（陪审团的）裁决, 判决, 判断, 定论, 结论 |
| verge | v.濒临 |
| n.边缘 | |
| verify | vt.检验, 校验, 查证, 核实 |
| [计] 打开或关闭文件的读写校验 | |
| vex | |
| vt.使烦恼, 恼怒 | |
| vibrate | v.（使）振动, （使）摇摆 |
| vilify | vt.诽谤, 辱骂, 贬低, 轻视 |
| violate | vt.违犯, 亵渎（圣物）, 冒犯, 干扰, 违反, 妨碍, 侵犯, 强暴 |
| visualize | vt.形象, 形象化, 想象 |
| vi.显现 | |
| wade | vi.跋涉 |
| vt.涉水, 费力行走 | |
| n.跋涉, 可涉水而过的地方 | |
| wag | vt.摇摆, 摇动, 饶舌 |
| vi.爱说笑打趣的人, 摆动, 喋喋不休 | |
| n.摇摆, 小丑 | |
| wander | vi.漫步, 徘徊, 迷路, 迷失方向, 离题 |
| wane | vi.变小, 亏缺, 衰落, 退潮, 消逝, 呈下弦 |
| n.月亏, 月亏期, 衰退, 衰退期 | |
| warrant | n.授权, 正当理由, 根据, 证明, 凭证, 委任状, 批准, 许可证 |
| vt.保证, 辩解, 担保, 批准, 使有正当理由 | |
| waver | n.动摇, 开始退让, 踌躇, 挥动者 |
| vi.摇摆, 颤抖, 摆动, 摇曳, 犹豫 | |
| weave | n.编法, 织法, 编织 |
| vt.编织, 组合, 编排, 使迂回前进 | |
| vi.纺织, 迂回行进, 摇晃 | |
| n.织法, 织物 | |
| weld | vt.焊接 |
| n.焊接, 焊缝 | |
| whip | n.鞭子, 车夫 |
| v.鞭打, 抽打, 突然移动 | |
| whirl | v.（使）旋转, 急动, 急走 |
| n.旋转, ―连串快速的活动 | |
| whisper | n.耳语, 私语, 密谈, 谣传, 飒飒的声音 |
| vi.耳语, 密谈, 飒飒地响 | |
| vt.低声说 | |
| whistle | n.口哨, 汽笛, 口哨声, 汽笛声 |
| v.吹口哨, 鸣汽笛 | |
| wield | v.挥 |
| wither | vt.使凋谢, 使消亡, 使畏缩 |
| vi.枯萎, 衰退, 感到羞愧 | |
| withhold | vt.使停止, 拒给, 保留, 抑制 |
| vi.忍住 | |
| withstand | vt.抵挡, 经受住 |
| wreck | n.失事船（或飞机）, 残骸, （船, 飞机的）失事 |
| vt.破坏, 拆毁 | |
| wrench | n.扳钳, 扳手, 猛扭, 痛苦, 扭伤, 歪曲 |
| vt.猛扭, 使扭伤, 曲解, 抢, 折磨 | |
| vi.猛扭, 绞痛 | |
| wring | v.绞, 扭, 榨取, 强求, 折磨, 扭绞 |
| n.绞, 挤, 榨, 扭动 | |
| wrinkle | n.皱纹 |
| v.使皱 | |
| yearn | vi.渴望, 想念, 怀念, 向往 |
考研英语高频词汇表-4
| reclaim | vt.要求归还, 收回, 开垦 |
| recoil | n.畏缩, 后退, 弹回, 反作用, 后座力 |
| vi.退却, 畏缩, 弹回, 撤退, 反冲 | |
| recollect | v.回忆, 想起, 记起, 忆起, 记得 |
| reconcile | vt.使和解, 使和谐, 使顺从 |
| recover | vt.重新获得, 恢复, 使改过 |
| vi.痊愈, 复原, 胜诉 | |
| n.DOS命令：从含有损坏磁盘扇区的磁盘上恢复文件 | |
| rectify | vt.矫正, 调整, [化]精馏 |
| recur | vi.复发, 重现, 再来 |
| redundant | adj.多余的 |
| referee | n.仲裁人, 调解人, [体]裁判员 |
| v.仲裁, 裁判 | |
| reflect | v.反射, 反映, 表现, 反省, 细想 |
| refrain | n.重复, 叠句, [乐]副歌 |
| vi.节制, 避免, 制止 | |
| refresh | v.（使）精神振作, （使）精力恢复, 更新 |
| refuge | n.庇护, 避难, 避难所 |
| refute | vt.驳倒, 反驳 |
| regulate | vt.管制, 控制, 调节, 校准 |
| reinstate | v.恢复 |
| reiterate | vt.反复地说, 重申, 重做 |
| relax | vi.放松, 休息, 休养, 变从容 |
| vt.使松驰, 缓和, 使松懈, 使休息 | |
| relieve | vt.减轻, 解除, 援救, 救济, 换班 |
| relinquish | v.放弃 |
| relish | n.意味 |
| render | |
| vt.呈递, 归还, 着色, 汇报, 致使, 放弃, 表演, 实施 | |
| vi.给予补偿 | |
| n.交纳, 粉刷, 打底 | |
| renounce | v.断绝关系 |
| repatriate | v.遣返 |
| repeal | v.废止, 撤销, 否定, 放弃, 废除 |
| n.废除, 撤销 | |
| repel | vt.击退, 抵制, 使厌恶, 使不愉快 |
| reproach | v.责备 |
| reproduce | v.繁殖, 再生, 复制, 使...在脑海中重现 |
| repudiate | v.批判 |
| resent | v.愤恨, 怨恨 |
| reserve | n.储备（物）, 储藏量, 预备队 |
| vt.储备, 保存, 保留, 预定, 预约 | |
| reside | vi.居住 |
| resign | n.辞去（职务） |
| v.辞去, 辞职 | |
| resolve | n.决心 |
| v.决心, 决定, 决心要, （使）分解, 溶解, 解决 | |
| vt.解决 | |
| resort | vi.求助, 诉诸, 采取（某种手段等）, 常去 |
| n.凭借, 手段, 常去之地, 胜地 | |
| respond | v.回答, 响应, 作出反应 |
| vi.有反应 | |
| restore | vt.恢复, 使回复, 归还, 交还, 修复, 重建 |
| restrain | vt.抑制, 制止 |
| restrict | vt.限制, 约束, 限定 |
| resume | n.摘要, 概略, <美> 履历 |
| vt.再继续, 重新开始, 重新占用, 再用, 恢复 | |
| retail | n.零售 |
| adj.零售的 | |
| vt.零售, 转述 | |
| vi.零售 | |
| adv.以零售方式 | |
| retaliate | v.报复 |
| retard | vt.延迟, 使减速, 阻止, 妨碍, 阻碍 |
| retort | v.反驳, 反击, 回报 |
| n.曲颈甑, 曲颈瓶, 蒸器 | |
| retreat | vi.撤退, 退却 |
| n.撤退, 退却 | |
| retrieve | v.重新得到 |
| n.找回 | |
| reveal | vt.展现, 显示, 揭示, 暴露 |
| revenge | n.报仇, 复仇 |
| vt.替...报仇, 复仇 | |
| revive | v.（使）苏醒, （使）复兴, （使）复活, （使）再生效, 回想 |
| revolt | v.反抗, 起义, 反叛, 反感, 厌恶 |
| revolve | v.（使）旋转, 考虑, 循环出现 |
| ridicule | n.嘲笑, 奚落 |
| v.嘲笑, 奚落 | |
| rouse | v.唤醒, 激起, 使振奋, 惊起 |
| n.觉醒, 奋起 | |
| safeguard | vt.维护, 保护, 捍卫 |
| n.安全装置, 安全措施 | |
| saturate | v.使饱和, 浸透, 使充满 |
| scandalize | v.生反感 |
| scatter | v.分散, 散开, 撒开, 驱散 |
| scold | v.责骂, 申斥, 斥责 |
| scout | n.侦察, 搜索, 侦察员, 侦察机 |
| vi.守候, 侦察, 巡视, 嘲笑 | |
| vt.侦察, 跟踪, 觅得, 监视, 轻蔑地拒绝（建议,意见等） | |
| scramble | n.爬行, 攀缘, 抢夺, 混乱 |
| vi.攀缘, 杂乱蔓延, 争夺, 拼凑, 匆忙 | |
| vt.攀登, 搅乱, 使混杂 | |
| secede | vi.正式脱离或退出, 分离 |
| segregate | v.隔离 |
| sharpen | v.削尖, 磨快, 尖锐 |
| shatter | n.粉碎, 碎片, 落花（叶,粒等） |
| vt.打碎, 使散开, 粉碎, 破坏 | |
| vi.粉碎, 损坏, 落叶 | |
| shiver | v.颤抖, 打碎, 碎裂 |
| n.（无法控制的）颤抖, 碎片 | |
| shriek | v.尖声叫喊, 耸人听闻地报道, 尖声喊叫 |
| n.尖叫, 尖声, 尖声喊叫 | |
| shrill | adj.尖声的 |
| shrug | n.耸肩 |
| v.耸肩 | |
| shutter | n.关闭者, 百叶窗, 快门, <美俚>安眠药 |
| vt.关上, 装以遮门, 以百叶窗遮闭 | |
| signify | vt.表示, 意味 |
| vi.要紧, 有重要性 | |
| v.颇为重要, 表示 | |
| simplify | vt.单一化, 简单化 |
| simulate | vt.模拟, 模仿, 假装, 冒充 |
| slam | v.砰地关上, 砰地放下, 猛力抨击, 冲击 |
| n.砰, 猛击, 撞击, 冲击 | |
| slander | n.诽谤 |
| slash | v.猛砍, 鞭打, 砍伤, 大量削减, 严历批评, 抽打 |
| n.猛砍, （大幅度）削减, 斜线 | |
| slide | v.（使）滑动, （使）滑行 |
| n.滑, 滑动, 幻灯片 | |
| smash | v.打碎, 粉碎 |
| n.打碎, 粉碎 | |
| adj.出色的 | |
| smear | v.涂上, 抹掉, 涂污, 诽谤, 抹去 |
| n.油迹, 污点, 涂片, 釉, 中伤 | |
| smuggle | n.走私, 偷带 |
| v.走私 | |
| snap | v.猛地吸住, 突然折断, 使劈啪地晌, 猛咬 |
| n.猛咬, 突然折断, 劈啪声 | |
| adj.突然的 | |
| snatch | v.攫取 |
| n.攫取 | |
| sneer | v.冷笑, 讥笑, 嘲笑 |
| n.冷笑, 嘲笑 | |
| sneeze | n.喷嚏 |
| vi.打喷嚏 | |
| snore | v.打鼾, 打着鼾渡过（时间） |
| n.打鼾, 鼾声 | |
| soak | v.浸, 泡, 浸透 |
| n.浸透 | |
| soar | v.高飞, 高丛, 滑翔, 剧增, 昂扬 |
| n.高飞范围, 高涨程度 | |
| sober | adj.冷静的 |
| v.镇定 | |
| solidify | v.（使）凝固, （使）团结, 巩固 |
| sow | n.大母猪 |
| vt.播种, 散布, 使密布 | |
| vi.播种 | |
| spare | adj.多余的, 剩下的, 高而瘦的人的, 少量的, 贫乏的, 备用的 |
| v.节约, 节省, 不伤害, 宽恕, 分让, 提供给某人 | |
| sparkle | v.发火花, （使）闪耀, （香槟酒等）发泡, 用眼神表达, 发光闪烁 |
| n.火花, 闪光, 光彩, 活力, 发泡 | |
| specialize | vi.专攻, 专门研究, 使适应特殊目的, 使专用于 |
| speculate | vi.推测, 思索, 做投机买卖 |
| splash | n.溅, 飞溅, 斑点 |
| v.溅, 泼, 溅湿 | |
| sponsor | n.发起人, 主办者, 保证人, 主办人 |
| vt.发起, 主办 | |
| v.赞助 | |
| spray | n.喷雾, 飞沫 |
| vt.喷射, 喷溅 | |
| spur | n.踢马剌, 剌激物, （鸟, 虫等的）距, 刺激 |
| v.鞭策, 刺激, 疾驰, 驱策 | |
| squash | n.南瓜, 易压烂的物品, 拥挤的人群, 壁球 |
| v.压扁, 压制, 镇压, 挤进, 挤压 | |
| squeeze | n.压榨, 挤 |
| v.压榨, 挤, 挤榨 | |
| stabilize | v.稳定 |
| stagger | v.摇晃, 蹒跚, 交错, 摇摇摆摆 |
| adj.交错的 | |
| standardize | vt.使符合标准, 使标准化 |
| startle | v.震惊 |
| starve | vt.使饿死 |
| vi.饿得要死 | |
| stiffen | vt.使硬, 使僵硬, 使生硬, 使粘稠 |
| vi.变粘, 变硬, 变猛烈 | |
| stigmatize | vt.打烙印, 诬蔑 |
| stimulate | vt.刺激, 激励 |
| v.刺激, 激励 | |
| stipulate | v.规定, 保证 |
| stoop | n.弯腰, 屈背, 屈服 |
| vi.弯下, 弯下上身, 屈服, 弯腰, 堕落 | |
| vt.俯曲, 辱没 | |
| strain | n.过度的疲劳, 紧张, 张力, 应变 |
| vt.扭伤, 损伤 | |
| v.拉紧, 扯紧, （使）紧张, 尽力 | |
| stray | v.迷路, 偏离, 漂泊, 漂泊游荡 |
| adj.迷路的, 离群的, 偶遇的 | |
| stretch | v.伸展, 伸长 |
| n.一段时间, 一段路程, 伸展 | |
| stride | v.大步走（过）, 跨过, 大步行走 |
| n.步幅 | |
| strive | v.努力, 奋斗, 力争, 斗争 |
| stumble | v.绊倒, 使困惑, 蹒跚, 结结巴巴地说话, 踌躇 |
| n.绊倒, 错误 | |
| subdue | v.征服 |
| submerge | v.浸没, 淹没, 掩没 |
| vi.潜水 | |
| submit | v.（使）服从, （使）顺从 |
| vt.提交, 递交 |
考研英语高频词汇表-3
| gear | n.齿轮, 传动装置 |
| v.调整, （使）适合, 换档 | |
| generalize | vt.归纳, 概括, 推广, 普及 |
| generate | vt.产生, 发生 |
| grab | v.抢夺, 攫取, 夺取 |
| grasp | vt.抓住, 抓紧, 掌握, 领会 |
| n.抓住, 抓紧, 掌握, 领会 | |
| graze | v.放牧, 吃草, 擦伤, 擦过 |
| n.放牧, 牧草, 轻擦, 擦破处 | |
| groan | n.呻吟, 叹息 |
| vi.呻吟, 受折磨, 受压迫发出嘎吱声 | |
| vt.呻吟着说 | |
| grope | v.n.摸索 |
| grumble | adj.抱怨地表示, 嘟囔地说 |
| n.怨言, 满腹牢骚 | |
| vi.抱怨, 发牢骚, 咕哝, 嘟囔, 隆隆响 | |
| vt.喃喃地说出 | |
| grunt | vi.（猪等）作呼噜声, （表示烦恼、反对、疲劳、轻蔑等）发哼声 |
| vt.咕哝着说出 | |
| n.呼噜声, 咕哝 | |
| guarantee | n.保证, 保证书, 担保, 抵押品 |
| vt.保证, 担保 | |
| hamper | v.妨碍, 牵制 |
| handle | n.柄, 把手, 把柄, 口实, 手感 |
| vt.触摸, 运用, 买卖, 处理, 操作 | |
| vi.搬运, 易于操纵 | |
| n.[计]句柄 | |
| hatch | n.孵化, 舱口, 舱口盖, （门、墙壁、地板上的）开口 |
| vt.孵, 孵出, 策划, 图谋 | |
| vi.孵化 | |
| heal | v.治愈, 医治, 结束 |
| heighten | v.提高, 升高 |
| hesitate | v.犹豫, 踌躇, 不愿 |
| hinder | adj.后面的 |
| v.阻碍, 打扰 | |
| hurl | n.<俚>[棒球]用力或猛烈的投掷 |
| vt.用力投掷, 愤慨地说出, 丢下, 推翻 | |
| vi.猛投, 猛掷 | |
| hush | v.安静 |
| n.安静 | |
| identify | vt.识别, 鉴别, 把...和...看成一样 |
| v.确定 | |
| illuminate | vt.照明, 照亮, 阐明, 说明, 使灿烂, 以灯火装饰（街道等） |
| vi.照亮 | |
| illustrate | vt.举例说明, 图解, 加插图于, 阐明 |
| vi.举例 | |
| imply | vt.暗示, 意味 |
| impose | vt.征税, 强加, 以...欺骗 |
| vi.利用, 欺骗, 施影响 | |
| impoverish | vt.使贫穷, 使枯竭 |
| impress | vt.印, 盖印, 留下印象 |
| inaugurate | vt.举行就职典礼, 创新, 开辟, 举行开幕（落成、成立）典礼. |
| incumbent | adj.职责所在的, 负有...义务的 |
| incur | v.招致 |
| induce | vt.劝诱, 促使, 导致, 引起, 感应 |
| indulge | v.纵容 |
| infringe | v.破坏, 侵犯, 违反 |
| infuriate | adj.狂怒的 |
| vt.激怒 | |
| inhibit | 抑制, 约束, [化][医]抑制 |
| initiate | vt.开始, 发动, 传授 |
| v.开始, 发起 | |
| investigate | v.调查, 研究 |
| irritate | vt.激怒, 使急躁 |
| v.刺激 | |
| jeopardize | v.危害 |
| jerk | n.性情古怪的人, 急推, 猛拉, 肌肉抽搐, （生理）反射, 牛肉干 |
| vi.痉挛, 急拉, 颠簸地行进 | |
| vt.猛拉 | |
| justify | v.证明...是正当的 |
| leap | v.跳, 跳越, 跳跃 |
| n.跳跃, 飞跃 | |
| liberate | v.解放, 释放 |
| lubricate | vt.润滑 |
| v.加润滑油 | |
| lull | n.暂停, 麻痹 |
| vt.使平静, 哄骗, 使安静 | |
| vi.变平静 | |
| magnify | vt.放大, 扩大, 赞美, 夸大, 夸张 |
| vi.有放大能力 | |
| maintain | vt.维持, 维修, 继续, 供养, 主张 |
| mandate | n.（书面）命令, 训令, 要求, （前国际联盟的）委任托管权 |
| vt.委任统治 | |
| manifest | n.载货单, 旅客名单 |
| adj.显然的, 明白的 | |
| vi.出现 | |
| vt.表明, 证明 | |
| manipulate | vt.（熟练地）操作, 使用（机器等）, 操纵（人或市价、市场）, 利用, 应付, 假造 |
| vt.（熟练地）操作,巧妙地处理 | |
| mediate | v.仲裁, 调停, 作为引起...的媒介, 居中调停 |
| menace | n.威胁, 危险物 |
| v.恐吓, 危及, 威胁 | |
| migrate | vi.移动, 移往, 移植, 随季节而移居, （鸟类的）迁徙 |
| vt.使移居, 使移植 | |
| minimize | vt.将...减到最少 |
| v.最小化 | |
| mobilize | v.动员 |
| modify | vt.更改, 修改 |
| v.修改 | |
| modulate | vt.调整, 调节, （信号）调制 |
| mollify | v.平息 |
| motivate | v.激发 |
| multiply | v.繁殖, 乘, 增加 |
| necessitate | v.成为必要 |
| nominate | vt.提名, 推荐, 任命, 命名 |
| oblige | vt.迫使, 责成 |
| offend | v.犯罪, 冒犯, 违反, 得罪, 使...不愉快 |
| originate | vt.引起, 发明, 发起, 创办 |
| vi.起源, 发生 | |
| penetrate | vt.穿透, 渗透, 看穿, 洞察 |
| vi.刺入, 看穿, 渗透, 弥漫 | |
| perceive | vt.察觉 |
| v.感知, 感到, 认识到 | |
| perish | vi.毁灭, 死亡, 腐烂, 枯萎 |
| vt.毁坏, 使麻木 | |
| perpetrate | v.犯 |
| perplex | v.困惑 |
| persecute | v.迫害 |
| persevere | v.坚持 |
| persist | vi.坚持, 持续 |
| persuade | v.说服, 劝说, （使）相信, 劝某人做（不做）某事 |
| pertain | v.适合, 属于 |
| plead | vi.辩护, 恳求 |
| vt.为...辩护, 借口, 托称 | |
| pledge | n.保证, 誓言, 抵押, 抵押品 |
| vt.保证, 使发誓, 抵押, 典当, 举杯祝...健康 | |
| plunder | v.抢劫 |
| n.抢劫, 战利品 | |
| plunge | n.跳进, 投入 |
| vi.投入, 跳进, 陷入 | |
| vt.使投入, 使插入, 使陷入 | |
| ponder | v.沉思, 考虑 |
| pose | n.姿势, 姿态 |
| v.（使...）摆好姿势, 形成, 引起, 造成 | |
| vi.摆姿势, 佯装, 矫揉造作 | |
| possess | vt.占有, 拥有, 持有, 摆布, 支配 |
| postpone | vt.推迟, 使延期, 延迟 |
| postulate | n.假定, 基本条件, 基本原理 |
| vt.要求, 假定 | |
| vi.要求 | |
| preach | v.鼓吹 |
| precede | v.领先（于）, 在...之前, 先于 |
| precipitate | n.沉淀物 |
| vt.猛抛, 使陷入, 促成, 使沉淀 | |
| vi.猛地落下 | |
| adj.突如其来的, 陡然下降（或下落）的, 贸然轻率的 | |
| preclude | n.排除 |
| prescribe | v.指示, 规定, 处（方）, 开（药） |
| preserve | vt.保护, 保持, 保存, 保藏 |
| vi.做蜜饯, 禁猎 | |
| n.蜜饯, 果酱, 禁猎地, 禁区, 防护物 | |
| preside | v.主持 |
| prevail | vi.流行, 盛行, 获胜, 成功 |
| probe | n.探针, 探测器 |
| vt.（以探针等）探查, 查明 | |
| profess | v.表示 |
| prohibit | vt.禁止, 阻止 |
| prolong | vt.延长, 拖延 |
| promote | vt.促进, 发扬, 提升, 提拔, 晋升为 |
| promulgate | vt.发布, 公布, 传播 |
| prone | adj.倾向于 |
| propagate | v.繁殖, 传播, 宣传 |
| propel | vt.推进, 驱使 |
| prose | n.散文 |
| prosecute | vt.实行, 从事, 告发, 起诉 |
| vi.告发, 起诉, 作检察官 | |
| protest | n.主张, 断言, 抗议 |
| v.主张, 断言抗议, 拒付 | |
| provoke | vt.激怒, 挑拨, 煽动, 惹起, 驱使 |
| purchase | vt.买, 购买 |
| n.买, 购买 | |
| purify | vt.使纯净 |
| v.净化 | |
| pursue | vt.追赶, 追踪, 追击, 继续, 从事 |
| qualify | v.（使）具有资格, 证明合格, 限制修饰 |
| vt.限制, 限定 | |
| quench | vt.结束, 熄灭，淬火 |
| vi.熄灭, 平息 | |
| quest | n.寻求 |
| quicken | v.加快, 鼓舞, 刺激, 生长, 加速 |
| quiver | n.震动, 颤抖, 箭袋, 箭袋中的箭 |
| vi.颤抖, 振动, 射中 | |
| vt.使颤动 | |
| adj.敏捷的 | |
| radiate | vt.放射, 辐射, 传播, 广播 |
| vi.发光, 辐射, 流露 | |
| adj.有射线的, 辐射状的 | |
| raid | n.袭击, 搜捕 |
| v.奇袭, 搜捕 | |
| rally | v.重整旗鼓, 给予新力量, （使）恢复健康, 力量, 决心, 集结 |
| n.集会 | |
| ravage | n.破坏, 蹂躏, 劫掠后的痕迹, 创伤 |
| v.毁坏, 掠夺 | |
| rebuke | n.指责, 谴责, 非难 |
| vt.斥责, 指责, 非难, 成为对...的指摘 | |
| recall | vt.回忆, 回想, 记起, 取消 |
| n.召回 | |
| reckon | vt.计算, 总计, 估计, 猜想 |
考研英语高频词汇表-2
| constitute | vt.制定（法律）, 建立（政府）, 组成, 任命 |
| constrain | vt.强迫, 抑制, 拘束 |
| contaminate | v.污染 |
| contend | v.斗争, 竞争, 主张 |
| contract | n.合同, 契约, 婚约 |
| v.使缩短, 感染, 订约 | |
| contradict | vt.同...矛盾, 同...抵触 |
| contrast | vt.使与...对比, 使与...对照 |
| vi.和...形成对照 | |
| n.对比, 对照, （对照中的）差异 | |
| contribute | v.捐助, 捐献, 贡献, 投稿 |
| contrive | v.发明, 设计, 图谋 |
| convene | v.召集, 集合 |
| converge | v.聚合, 集中于一点 |
| vt.会聚 | |
| converse | n.相反的事物, 倒, 逆行 |
| adj.相反的, 颠倒的 | |
| vi.谈话, 交谈, 认识 | |
| convert | n.皈依者 |
| vt.使转变, 转换...,使...改变信仰 | |
| convey | vt.搬运, 传达, 转让 |
| convict | vt.证明...有罪, 宣告...有罪 |
| n.罪犯 | |
| convince | vt.使确信, 使信服 |
| cooperate | vi.合作, 协作 |
| corporate | adj.社团的, 法人的, 共同的, 全体的 |
| correlate | vt.使相互关联 |
| vi.和...相关 | |
| correspond | vi.符合, 协调, 通信, 相当, 相应 |
| corrode | v.使腐蚀, 侵蚀 |
| counterfeit | n.adj.赝品, 伪造品, 伪造的, 假冒的 |
| vt.伪造, 假冒 | |
| crash | n.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, 撞击声, 爆裂声 |
| v.碰撞, 坠落, 坠毁, （指商业公司, 政府等）破产, 垮台 | |
| criticize | v.批评, 责备 |
| crumble | v.弄碎, 粉碎, 崩溃 |
| n.面包屑 | |
| culminate | v.达到顶点 |
| cultivate | vt.培养, 耕作 |
| curb | n.路边 |
| deafen | vt.使聋 |
| vi.变聋 | |
| decay | vi.腐朽, 腐烂, 衰减, 衰退 |
| n.腐朽, 腐烂, 衰减, 衰退 | |
| v.衰落 | |
| declare | vt.断言, 宣称, 宣布, 宣告, 声明, （向海关）中报进口应纳税之货物 |
| decline | vi.下倾, 下降, 下垂 |
| v.拒绝, 衰落 | |
| n.下倾, 下降, 下垂, 斜面, 斜坡, 衰败, 衰落 | |
| decorate | v.装饰, 为...做室内装修 |
| decrease | n.减少, 减少之量 |
| v.减少 | |
| decree | n.法令, 政令, 教令, 天命, 判决 |
| v.颁布 | |
| dedicate | vt.献（身）, 致力, 题献（一部著作给某人） |
| deduce | vt.推论, 演绎出 |
| deem | v.认为, 相信 |
| deflect | v.（使）偏斜, （使）偏转 |
| defunct | adj.死了的 |
| defy | vt.不服从, 公然反抗, 藐视, 挑衅, 违抗, 使...难于 |
| n.挑战 | |
| degenerate | adj.退化的 |
| v.退化 | |
| deliberate | adj.深思熟虑的, 故意的, 预有准备的 |
| v.商讨 | |
| demonstrate | vt.示范, 证明, 论证 |
| vi.示威 | |
| denounce | vt.公开指责, 公然抨击, 谴责 |
| deprive | vt.剥夺, 使丧失 |
| derive | vt.得自 |
| vi.起源 | |
| descend | vi.下来, 下降, 遗传（指财产,气质,权利）, 突击, 出其不意的拜访 |
| v.下去 | |
| deserve | vt.应受, 值得 |
| v.应受 | |
| designate | vt.指明, 指出, 任命, 指派 |
| v.指定, 指派 | |
| despise | vt.轻视 |
| detach | vt.分开, 分离, 分遣, 派遣（军队） |
| deteriorate | v.（使）恶化 |
| deviate | vi.背离, 偏离 |
| v.偏离 | |
| dictate | v.口述, 口授, 使听写, 指令, 指示, 命令, 规定 |
| n.指示（指理智,变心） | |
| diffuse | v.散播, 传播, 漫射, 扩散, （使）慢慢混合 |
| adj.散开的, 弥漫的 | |
| diminish | v.（使）减少, （使）变小 |
| disappear | vi.消失, 不见 |
| discard | vt.丢弃, 抛弃 |
| v.放弃 | |
| discern | v.目睹, 认识, 洞悉, 辨别, 看清楚 |
| discourse | n.演讲, 论述, 论文, 讲道, 谈话, 谈论 |
| vi.谈论, 演说 | |
| discriminate | v.歧视, 区别, 区别待遇 |
| disguise | v.假装, 伪装, 掩饰 |
| n.伪装 | |
| disperse | v.（使）分散, （使）散开, 疏散 |
| displace | vt.移置, 转移, 取代, 置换 |
| v.转移 | |
| dispose | v.处理, 处置, 部署 |
| vt.布置, 安排, 除去, 使愿意 | |
| dispute | v.争论, 辩论, 怀疑, 抗拒, 阻止, 争夺（土地,胜利等） |
| n.争论, 辩论, 争吵 | |
| distinguish | v.区别, 辨别 |
| distort | vt.弄歪（嘴脸等）, 扭曲, 歪曲（真理、事实等）, 误报 |
| divert | v.转移, 转向, 使高兴 |
| dodge | v.避开, 躲避 |
| n.<俗> 诡计, 躲藏 | |
| dominate | v.支配, 占优势 |
| donate | v.捐赠, 赠予 |
| drag | v.拖, 拖曳, 缓慢而费力地行动 |
| n.拖拉 | |
| duplicate | adj.复制的, 副的, 两重的, 两倍的, 完全相同 |
| n.复制品, 副本 | |
| vt.复写, 复制, 使加倍, 使成双 | |
| elevate | vt.举起, 提拔, 振奋, 提升...的职位 |
| embark | v.上船, 上飞机, 着手, 从事, 装于船上, 登上 |
| emigrate | vi.永久（使）移居 |
| vt.（使）移民 | |
| encounter | v.遭遇, 遇到, 相遇 |
| n.遭遇, 遭遇战 | |
| endanger | vt.危及 |
| endow | v.捐赠, 赋予 |
| endure | v.耐久, 忍耐 |
| enhance | vt.提高, 增强 |
| v.提高 | |
| enlarge | v.扩大, 放大 |
| enlighten | vt.启发, 启蒙, 教导, 授予...知识, 开导, <古>照耀 |
| enrich | vt.使富足, 使肥沃, 装饰, 加料于, 浓缩 |
| enroll | v.[亦作enrol] 登记, 招收, 使入伍（或入会、入学等）, 参加, 成为成员 |
| ensue | vi.跟着发生, 继起 |
| vt.（基督教《圣经》用语）追求 | |
| ensure | vt.保证, 担保, 使安全, 保证得到 |
| v.确保, 确保, 保证 | |
| entail | vt.使必需, 使蒙受, 使承担, 遗传给 |
| n.[建]限定继承权 | |
| entertain | |
| vt.娱乐, 招待, 接受, 怀抱 | |
| vi.款待 | |
| entitle | vt.给...权利（或资格）, 给...题名, 给...称号 |
| v.授权, 授权 | |
| entreat | v.恳求, 乞求, <古>对待, 对付 |
| envisage | v.正视 |
| envy | n.vt.羡慕, 嫉妒 |
| escort | n.护卫（队）, 护送, 陪同（人员）, 护卫队 |
| v.护卫, 护送, 陪同 | |
| evaluate | vt.评价, 估计, 求...的值 |
| v.评价 | |
| evaporate | v.（使）蒸发, 消失 |
| evoke | vt.唤起, 引起, 博得 |
| evolve | v.（使）发展, （使）进展, （使）进化 |
| exaggerate | v.夸大, 夸张 |
| exceed | vt.超越, 胜过 |
| vi.超过其他 | |
| excel | v.优秀, 胜过他人 |
| excess | n.过度, 剩于, 无节制, 超过, 超额 |
| adj.过度的, 额外的 | |
| exclaim | v.呼喊, 惊叫, 大声叫 |
| exclude | vt.拒绝接纳, 把...排除在外, 排斥 |
| exemplify | vt.例证, 例示, 作为...例子 |
| expel | v.驱逐, 开除, 排出, 发射 |
| expire | v.期满, 终止, 呼气, 断气, 届满 |
| explore | v.探险, 探测, 探究 |
| export | vt.输出 |
| n.出口货, 输出, 出口, 出口商品 | |
| v.出口 | |
| expose | vt.使暴露, 受到, 使曝光 |
| v.揭露 | |
| extinguish | vt.熄灭, 消灭, 压制, 使黯然失色, 偿清 |
| fabricate | vt.制作, 构成, 捏造, 伪造, 虚构 |
| facilitate | vt.（不以人作主语的）使容易, 使便利, 推动, 帮助, 使容易, 促进 |
| fascinate | vt.使着迷, 使神魂颠倒 |
| vi.入迷, 极度迷人的 | |
| flatter | vt.过分夸赞, 奉承, 阿谀, 使高兴, 使满意, （画, 肖像上的形象）胜过（真人或实物） |
| flee | vt.逃避, 逃跑, 逃走 |
| vi.消散, 逃, 消失 | |
| fling | n.投, 掷, 猛冲, 暴躁的行动, 急冲, 嘲弄, 讥笑 |
| vt.猛投, 抛, 掷, 使陷入, 挥动, 嘲笑, 扫视 | |
| vi.猛冲, 直冲, 急行 | |
| flip | vt.掷, 弹, 轻击, （用鞭等）抽打, 空翻 |
| vi.用指轻弹, 抽打, 翻动书页（或纸张）, 蹦跳 | |
| n.抛, 弹, 筋斗 | |
| adj.无礼的, 冒失的, 轻率的 | |
| flourish | vi.繁荣, 茂盛, 活跃, 手舞足蹈, 兴旺, 处于旺盛时期 |
| vt.挥动, 夸耀 | |
| n.茂盛, 兴旺, 华饰, 繁荣 | |
| fluctuate | vi.变动, 波动, 涨落, 上下, 动摇 |
| vt.使动摇, 使波动, 使起伏 | |
| flutter | n.摆动, 鼓翼, 烦扰 |
| vi.鼓翼, 飘动, 悸动, 乱跳, 烦扰 | |
| vt.拍（翅）, 使焦急 | |
| forgive | vt.原谅, 饶恕, 宽免（某人）之债务 |
| formulate | vt.用公式表示, 明确地表达, 作简洁陈述 |
| v.阐明 | |
| foster | vt.养育, 抚育, 培养, 鼓励, 抱（希望） |
| n.养育者, 鼓励者 | |
| frown | vi.皱眉, 蹙额, 不赞成, 反对 |
| v.皱眉 | |
| frustrate | v.挫败, 阻挠, 使感到灰心, 阻止 |
| gaze | v.盯, 凝视 |
考研英语高频词汇表-1
| abandon | vt.放弃, 遗弃 |
| n.放任, 狂热 | |
| abide | vi.坚持, 遵守 |
| vt.忍受, 容忍 | |
| abolish | vt.废止, 废除（法律、制度、习俗等） |
| absorb | vt.吸收, 吸引 |
| abuse | n.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂, 陋习, 弊端 |
| v.滥用, 虐待, 辱骂 | |
| accelerate | v.加速, 促进 |
| access | n.通路, 访问, 入门 |
| vt.存取, 接近 | |
| accommodate | vt.供应, 供给, 使适应, 调节, 和解, 向...提供, 容纳, 调和 |
| vi.适应 | |
| accompany | vt.陪伴, 伴奏 |
| accomplish | vt.完成, 达到, 实现 |
| accumulate | v.积聚, 堆积 |
| accuse | vt.控告, 谴责, 非难 |
| accustom | vt.使习惯于 |
| achieve | vt.完成, 达到 |
| acquaint | vt.使熟知, 通知 |
| acquire | vt.获得, 学到 |
| activate | vt.刺激, 使活动 |
| vi.有活力 | |
| adapt | vt.使适应, 改编 |
| adhere | vi.粘附, 胶着, 坚持 |
| v.坚持 | |
| adjoin | v.邻接, 毗连 |
| adjunct | n.附件, 助手 |
| adj.附属的 | |
| adjust | vt.调整, 调节, 校准, 使适合 |
| administer | v.管理, 给予, 执行 |
| admire | v.赞美, 钦佩, 羡慕 |
| admit | v.容许, 承认, 接纳 |
| adopt | vt.采用, 收养 |
| adore | v.崇拜, 爱慕, （口语）喜爱 |
| advertise | v.做广告, 登广告 |
| advise | vt.劝告, 忠告, 警告, 建议 |
| advocate | n.提倡者, 鼓吹者 |
| vt.提倡, 鼓吹 | |
| affect | vt.影响, 感动, 侵袭, 假装 |
| affiliate | v.（使...）加入, 接受为会员 |
| afflict | vt.使痛苦, 折磨 |
| aggravate | vt.使恶化, 加重 |
| allege | vt.宣称, 断言 |
| alleviate | vt.使（痛苦等）易于忍受, 减轻 |
| allocate | vt.分派, 分配 |
| alter | v.改变 |
| announce | vt.宣布, 通告 |
| anticipate | vt.预期, 期望, 过早使用, 先人一着, 占先 |
| v.预订, 预见, 可以预料 | |
| apologize | vi.道歉, 辩白 |
| appeal | n.请求, 呼吁, 上诉, 吸引力, 要求 |
| vi.求助, 诉请, 要求 | |
| vt.控诉 | |
| applaud | v.拍手喝彩, 称赞, 赞同 |
| applause | n.鼓掌欢迎, 欢呼 |
| appoint | vt.约定, 指定（时间,地点）, 任命, 委任 |
| approach | n.接近, 逼近, 走进, 方法, 步骤, 途径, 通路 |
| vt.接近, 动手处理 | |
| vi.靠近 | |
| approve | vi.赞成, 满意 |
| vt.批准, 通过 | |
| v.批准 | |
| argue | vi.争论, 辩论 |
| vt.说服 | |
| arise | vi.出现, 发生, 起因于 |
| arouse | vt.唤醒, 唤起, 鼓励, 引起 |
| vi.睡醒 | |
| arrest | vt.逮捕, 拘留, 吸引 |
| n.逮捕, 拘留 | |
| articulate | adj.有关节的, 发音清晰的 |
| vt.用关节连接, 接合, 清晰明白地说 | |
| ascend | v.攀登, 上升 |
| ascertain | vt.确定, 探知 |
| ascribe | vt.归因于, 归咎于 |
| assassinate | vt.暗杀, 行刺 |
| assault | n.攻击, 袭击 |
| v.袭击 | |
| assert | v.断言, 声称 |
| asset | n.资产, 有用的东西 |
| assign | vt.分配, 指派 |
| v.赋值 | |
| [计] 将驱动器符重定向至第二个驱动器符 | |
| assist | v.援助, 帮助 |
| associate | vt.使发生联系, 使联合 |
| vi.交往, 结交 | |
| n.合作人, 同事 | |
| adj.副的 | |
| assume | vt.假定, 设想, 采取, 呈现 |
| assure | vt.断然地说, 确告, 保证, 担保 |
| attach | vt.缚上, 系上, 贴上 |
| v.配属, 隶属于 | |
| attain | vt.达到, 获得 |
| v.达到 | |
| augment | v.增加, 增大 |
| n.增加 | |
| authorize | v.批准 |
| automate | v.使自动化, 自动操作 |
| avail | vi.有益于, 有帮助, 有用, 有利 |
| vt.有利于 | |
| n.效用, 利益 | |
| avert | v.转移 |
| baffle | vt.困惑, 阻碍, 为难 |
| besiege | vt.围困, 围攻, 包围 |
| bestow | vt.给予, 安放 |
| betray | vt.出卖, 背叛, 泄露（秘密）, 露出...迹象 |
| blend | vt.混和 |
| n.混和 | |
| boom | n.繁荣, 隆隆声 |
| v.发隆隆声, 兴隆, 大事宣传 | |
| boost | v.推进 |
| boycott | n.vt.联合抵制, 联合排斥某国货物或与某国绝交 |
| breeze | n.微风, 煤屑, 焦炭渣, 轻而易举的事, 小风波 |
| vi.吹微风, 逃走 | |
| broaden | v.放宽, 变宽, 扩大, 加宽 |
| burnish | vt.磨光, 擦亮（金属） |
| bustle | v.匆匆忙忙 |
| calculate | v.计算, 考虑, 计划, 打算 |
| v.<美>以为, 认为 | |
| cease | v.停止, 终了 |
| censor | n.检查员 |
| vt.检查, 审查 | |
| certify | v.证明, 保证 |
| charge | n.负荷, 电荷, 费用, 主管, 掌管, 充电, 充气, 装料 |
| v.装满, 控诉, 责令, 告诫, 指示, 加罪于, 冲锋, 收费 | |
| chase | n.追赶, 追击 |
| vt.追赶, 追逐, 雕镂 | |
| chatter | n.（动物, 尤其是鸟类）唠叨, 啁啾声, （小溪的）潺潺流水声 |
| vi.喋喋不休的谈, 卡搭作响 | |
| cherish | vt.珍爱, 怀抱（希望等） |
| chew | vt.咀爵（食物等） |
| v.咀嚼, 认真考虑 | |
| choke | v.窒息, 哽住, 使呼吸困难, 阻塞 |
| n.窒息, 阻气门 | |
| chop | n.砍, 排骨, 官印, 商标 |
| vt.剁碎, 砍, （风浪）突变 | |
| circulate | v.（使）流通, （使）运行, （使）循环, （使）传播 |
| claim | n.（根据权利提出）要求, 要求权, 主张, 要求而得到的东西 |
| vt.（根据权利）要求, 认领, 声称, 主张, 需要 | |
| clarify | v.澄清, 阐明 |
| clatter | n.咔嗒, 哗啦声, 嘈杂的谈笑声 |
| vi.发出哗啦声, 喧闹的谈笑 | |
| vt.使卡搭卡搭的响 | |
| cling | vi.粘紧, 附着, 紧贴, 坚持（意见）, 墨守（习惯） |
| clutch | v.抓住, 攫住 |
| n.离合器 | |
| coincide | vi.一致, 符合 |
| collaborate | vi.合作, 通敌 |
| collapse | n.倒塌, 崩溃, 失败, 虚脱 |
| vi.倒塌, 崩溃, 瓦解, 失败, 病倒 | |
| collide | vi.碰撞, 抵触 |
| comb | n.梳子, 梳, 鸡冠, 蜂巢 |
| vi.梳（发）, 搜索 | |
| commemorate | |
| vt.纪念 | |
| commence | v.开始, 着手 |
| commend | vt.称赞, 表扬, 推荐, 委托, 吸引 |
| commit | vt.犯（错误）, 干（坏事）, 把...交托给, 提交, 答应负责 |
| communicate | v.沟通, 通信, （房间、道路、花园等）相通, 传达, 感染 |
| compare | v.比较, 相比, 比喻 n.比较 |
| compel | vt.强迫, 迫使 |
| compensate | v.偿还, 补偿, 付报酬 |
| compete | vi.比赛, 竞争 |
| compile | vt.编译, 编辑, 汇编 |
| compliment | n.称赞, 恭维, 致意, 问候, 道贺 |
| vt.称赞, 褒扬, 恭维 | |
| comply | vi.顺从, 答应, 遵守 |
| compose | v.组成, 写作, 排字, （使）安定, 调解 |
| comprehend | vt.领会, 理解, 包括（包含）, 由...组成 |
| compress | vt.压缩, 摘要叙述 |
| n.（外科）敷布 | |
| comprise | v.包含, 由...组成 |
| compromise | n.妥协, 折衷 |
| v.妥协, 折衷, 危及...的安全 | |
| conceal | vt.隐藏, 隐蔽, 隐瞒 |
| v.隐蔽 | |
| concede | vt.勉强, 承认, 退让 |
| vi.让步 | |
| conceive | vt.构思, 以为, 持有 |
| vi.怀孕, 考虑, 设想 | |
| concentrate | v.集中, 浓缩 |
| conclude | v.结束, 终止, 决定, 作出结论 |
| vt.推断, 断定, 缔结, 议定 | |
| condemn | vt.判刑, 处刑, 声讨, 谴责 |
| confer | vt.授予（称号、学位等）, 赠与, 把...赠与, 协议 |
| v.协商, 交换意见 | |
| confine | vt.限制, 禁闭 |
| n.界限, 边界 | |
| confiscate | vt.没收, 充公, 查抄, 征用 |
| adj.被没收的 | |
| conform | vt.使一致, 使遵守, 使顺从 |
| vi.符合, 相似, 适应环境 | |
| adj.一致的, 顺从的 | |
| confound | vt.使混淆, 把...搞混, 挫败, 讨厌 |
| confuse | vt.搞乱, 使糊涂 |
| congratulate | vt.祝贺, 庆贺, 恭喜 |
| conquer | vt.征服, 战胜, 占领, 克服（困难等）, 破（坏习惯等） |
| consent | vi.同意, 赞成, 答应 |
| n.同意, 赞成, 允诺 | |
| conserve | vt.保存, 保藏 |
英语基本词汇表 - 1500 BASIC VOCABULARY
1500 BASIC VOCABULARY
paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
pan - n. a metal container used for cooking
paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing
parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground
parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary
pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
parent - n. a father or mother
parliament - n. a government lawmaking group
part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something
party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go
passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver
passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former
path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought
peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people")
percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes
perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
permit - v. to let; to make possible
person - n. a man, woman or child physical - ad. of the body
physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy
picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera
piece - n. a part of something larger
pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat
pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")
planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")
plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things
play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater
please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount
plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal
poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions
point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business
politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office
pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water
poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality
popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public
population - n. all the people in a place, city or country
port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm
position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
postpone - v. to delay action until a later time pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow
power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.")
praise - v. to say good things about; to approve
pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby
present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")
president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization
press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else
prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening
price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale
prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get
probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
profession - n. a job that requires special training professor - n. a teacher at a college or university
profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity
program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show
progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
project - n. a planned effort to do something
propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions
property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
propose - v. to present or offer for consideration
protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
protest - v. to speak against; to object
prove - v. to show to be true
provide - v. to give something needed or wanted
public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private
publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine
pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push
pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought
pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull
put - v. to place; to set in position
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Q
question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
quick - ad. fast
quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
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R
radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen
radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires
raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment
rain - n. water falling from the sky
raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase
rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often
rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to
read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing
real - ad. true; truly existing; not false
realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are
reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise
rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country
receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent
recent - ad. a short time ago
recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs
recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government
record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows proof or facts about something
recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions ("She is expected to recover from the operation.")
red - ad. having the color like that of blood
reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition
refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war
refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something
regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens
reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties
release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
remains - n. a dead body
remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget
remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office
repair - n. work done to fix something
repeat - v. to say or do again
report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example
repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force
request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for
require - v. to need or demand as necessary
rescue - v. to free from danger or evil
research - n. a careful study to discover correct information
resign - v. to leave a position, job or office
resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent
resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting
resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold
responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.")
rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the others
restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect
retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government
rice - n. a food grain
rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something
ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat
right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left
riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people
rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing
risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury
river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean
road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter
rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon
roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls
root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil
rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying
rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well
round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle
rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing
rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals
ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy
rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done
run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
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S
sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person
sad - ad. not happy safe - ad. away from harm or danger
sail - v. to travel by boat or ship
sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food
same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others
sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts
satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth
satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
say - v. to speak; to express in words
school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn
science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them
sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
search - v. to look for carefully
season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the year when something usually happens ("baseball season")
seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in parliament")
second - ad. the one that comes after the first
secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few
security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")
see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
seek(ing) - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
self - n. all that which makes one person different from others
sell - v. to give something in exchange for money
Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress
send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place
sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime
separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different
series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order
serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help
service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place
several - ad. three or more, but not many
severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young
shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks
share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company
sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain
she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about
sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair
shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety
shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright
ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat
shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
shoe - n. a covering for the foot
shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun
short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
should - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.")
shout - v. to speak very loudly
show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value
sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health
sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health
side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information
signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a message
silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise or sound
silver - n. a valued white metal
similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same
simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
since - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we went to school together.")
sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice
single - ad. one only
sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid
sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person
sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated
situation - n. the way things are during a period of time
size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is
skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience
skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals
sky - n. the space above the earth
slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another
sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface
slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities
small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large
smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with force
smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the smell of food cooking")
smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning
smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
so - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the plans.")
social - ad. of or about people or a group
soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
soil - n. earth in which plants grow
soldier - n. a person in the army
solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas
solve - v. to find an answer; to settle some - ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
son - n. a person's male child
soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly
sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something
sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard
south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind
speech - n. a talk given to a group of people
speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
spend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")
spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death
split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill
spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer
spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country
square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides
stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place
star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer
start - v. to begin; to make something begin
starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food
state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation
station - v. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts
statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal
stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.")
steal - v. to take without permission or paying
steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water
steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal
stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of wood still - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")
stone - n. a small piece of rock
stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things
storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
stove - n. a heating device used for cooking
straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns
strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known
street - n. a road in a city, town or village
stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands
strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building
struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight
study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully
stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent
subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
submarine - n. an underwater ship
substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another
subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly
succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation
suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness
sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider
summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others
supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others
support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve
suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")
suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly
sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
surface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.")
surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat
surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something
survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty
suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time
swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth
swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in the president.")
sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar
swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness
system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal
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T
talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
tall - ad. higher than others; opposite short
tank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns
target - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at
taste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")
tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services
tea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
teach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand
team - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
tear - v. to pull apart, often by force
tears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying
technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.")
technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services telephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances
telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger
television - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver
tell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command
temperature - n. the measurement of heat and cold
temporary - ad. lasting only a short time
tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
term - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it
terrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear
territory - n. a large area of land
terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear
terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government
test - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")
thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")
that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("The building that I saw was very large.")
the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about
theater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
them - pro. other people being spoken about
then - ad. at that time; existing; and so
theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.")
there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place
these - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already
they - pro. those ones being spoken about
thick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin
thin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick
thing - n. any object
think - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe
third - ad. coming after two others
this - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already
threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
through - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by
throw - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
tie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.")
time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place
tired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest
to - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
today - n. this day
together - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
tomorrow - n. the day after today
tonight - n. this night
too - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary
tool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work
top - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from
total - n. the complete amount
touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on
toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to
town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city
trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway
tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible
train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another
transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people
trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a device used to catch animals
travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies
treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better
treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations
tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true
tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something
trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
true - ad. correct; not false
trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept
turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape
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U
understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
unite - v. to join together
universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars
university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations
unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain stops.")
until - conj. up to a time; before
up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value
urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something
urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action
us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.")
use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action
usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
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V
value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold
vegetable - n. a plant grown for food
vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms
very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.")
veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve
vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate
victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked
victory - n. a success in a fight or competition
village - n. a very small town
violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons
voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing
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W
wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone
walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other
wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need
war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat
warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen
wash - v. to make clean, usually with water
waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body
watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans
wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go together, and we will return together.")
weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong
wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war
wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes
weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold
week - n. a period of time equal to seven days
weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is
welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops
well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down
wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry
what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something ("What is this?"); ad. whichor which kind ("He wants to know what you would like to drink.")
wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center
when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")
where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.")
which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?")
while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.")
white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow
who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")
whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces
why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for which ("I do not know why she did it.")
wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
wife - n. a woman who is married
wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks tomorrow.")
willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the problem.")
win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle
wind - n. a strong movement of air
window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions
wish - v. to want; to express a desire for
with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool."); having ("the house with the red door")
withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove
without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
woman - n. an adult female human
wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of surprise
wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good
wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made
word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money
world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth
worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen
worse - ad. more bad than
worth - n. value measured in money
wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken
wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged or broken
wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper
wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
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Y
yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun
yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit
yesterday - n. the day before today
yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was cold.")
you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to
young - ad. in the early years of life; not old
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Z
zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study
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Common Prefixes
dis - not (dishonest, disobey)
pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)
re - to do again (reorganize, reunite)
self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared, self-appointed)
un - not (unusual, unhappy)
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Common Expressions
carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")
pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")
take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.")
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Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs
atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements
bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease
cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals
chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes
compound - a substance containing two or more elements
dense - close together; thick
electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force
element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances
enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself
fetus - unborn young
fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy
fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy
genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid
genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism
gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth
image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing
laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light
magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism
molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist
nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain
nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell
nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow
organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain
organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope
particle - a very small piece of matter
proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue
robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks
tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing
virus - a kind of organism that causes disease
x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine
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Organs of the Body
heart - pumps blood through the body
intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body
kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body
liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood
lung - takes in and expels air from the body
prostate - a part of the male reproductive system
stomach - breaks down food for the body to use
uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops
n. (noun) - a name word
v. (verb) - an action word
ad. (adjective/adverb) - a describing word
pre. (preposition) - a word used to show a relation
pro. (pronoun) - a word used in place of a noun
conj. (conjunction) - a joining word
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A
able - v. having the power to do something
about - ad. almost ("about half"); of or having a relation to ("We talk about the weather.")
above - ad. at a higher place
accept - v. to agree to receive
accident - n. something that happens by chance or mistake; an unplanned event
accuse - v. to say a person is responsible for an act or crime; to make a statement against someone
across - ad. from side to side; to the other side
act - v. to do something
activist - n. one who seeks change through action
actor - n. someone acting in a play or show
add - v. to put (something) with another to make it larger; to say more
administration - n. the executive part of a government, usually headed by a president or prime minister
admit - v. to accept ("admitted to the United Nations"); to express one's guilt or responsibility ("He admitted that what he did was wrong.")
adult - n. a grown person
advise - v. to help with information, knowledge or ideas in making a decision
affect - v. to produce an effect on; to influence ("A lack of sleep affected the singer's performance.")
afraid - ad. feeling fear
after - ad. later; behind
again - ad. another time; as before
against - ad. opposed to; not agreeing with something
age - n. how old a person or thing is
agency - n. an organization that is part of a larger group ("an agency of the United Nations")
aggression - n. an attack against a person or country; the violation of a country's borders
ago - ad. of time past; before now
agree - v. to have the same belief as someone; to be willing to do something
agriculture - n. farming
aid - v. to help; to support; n. help, assistance
aim - v. to point a gun at; n. a goal or purpose
air - n. the mixture of gases around the earth, mostly nitrogen and oxygen, that we breathe
air force - n. a military organization using airplanes
airplane - n. a vehicle with wings that flies
airport - n. a place where airplanes take off and land
album - n. a collection of recorded music
alcohol - n. a strong, colorless liquid, usually made from grain, used as a drug or in industrial products
alive - ad. having life; not dead
all - ad. everything; everyone; the complete amount
ally - n. a nation or person joined with another for a special purpose
almost - ad. a little less than completely
alone - ad. separated from others
along - ad. near or on ("along the road")
already - ad. before now; even now
also - ad. added to; too
although - conj. even if it is true that
always - ad. at all times; every time
ambassador - n. a nation's highest diplomatic representative (to another government)
amend - v. to add to or to change (a proposal or law)
ammunition - n. the bullets or shells fired from guns
among - ad. in or part of (a group)
amount - n. the number, size or weight of anything
anarchy - n. a lack of order; lawlessness
ancestor - n. a family member from the past
ancient - ad. very old; long ago
and - conj. also; in addition to; with
anger - n. a strong emotion against someone or something
animal - n. a living creature that moves, such as a dog or cat
anniversary - n. a yearly celebration or observance of an event that happened in the past
announce - v. to make known publicly; to declare officially
another - ad. one more; a different one
answer - n. a statement produced by a question; v. to make a statement after being asked a question
any - ad. one or more of no special kind
apologize - v. to express regret for a mistake or accident for which one accepts responsibility
appeal - v. to take to a higher court, person or group for a decision; to call on somebody for help
appear - v. to show oneself; to come into sight; to seem
appoint - v. to name; to choose ("appoint a judge")
approve - v. to agree with; to agree to support
archeology - n. the scientific study of past human life and activities
area - n. any place or part of it
argue - v. to offer reasons for or against something; to dispute; to disagree
arms - n. military equipment; weapons
army - n. military ground forces
around - ad. on every side (of)
arrest - v. to seize a person for legal action; to take as a prisoner
arrive - v. to come to a place, especially at the end of a trip
art - n. expressions or creations by humans, such as paintings, music, writing or statues
artillery - n. big guns
as - conj. equally ("as fast as"); when; while
ash - n. the part left after something burns
ask - v. to question; to say something is wanted ("We ask the teacher questions every day.")
assist - v. to help
astronaut - n. a person who travels in space
astronomy - n. the scientific study of stars and the universe
asylum - n. political protection given by a government to a person from another country
at - prep. in or near ("at the edge"); where ("look at"); when ("at noon")
atmosphere - n. the gases surrounding any star or planet
attach - v. to tie together; to connect
attack - n. a violent attempt to damage, injure or kill; v. to start a fight
attempt - v. to work toward something; to try; to make an effort
attend - v. to be present at
automobile - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; a car
autumn - n. the time of the year between summer and winter
average - n. something (a number) representing the middle; ad. common; normal
avoid - v. to stay away from
awake - ad. not sleeping
award - n. an honor or prize for an act or service
away - ad. not near
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B
back - n. the part behind the front; ad. the other way from forward
bad - ad. wrong; acting against the law; not good
balance - v. to make two sides or forces equal
ball - n. something round
balloon - n. a device of strong, light material that rises when filled with gas lighter than air
ballot - n. a piece of paper used for voting
ban - v. to not permit; to stop; n. an official restriction
bank - n. an organization that keeps and lends money
bar - v. to prevent or block
barrier - n. anything that blocks or makes an action difficult
base - n. a military center; v. to establish as a fact ("Her research was based on experiments.")
battle - n. a fight between opposing armed forces
be - v. to live; to happen; to exist
beat - v. to hit again and again
beauty - ad. that which pleases the eye, ear or spirit
because - prep. for the reason that ("He left because he was sick.")
become - v. to come to be
bed - n. a sleeping place
before - prep. earlier
begin - v. to do the first part of an action; to start
behind - ad. at the back of; in back of
believe - v. to think; to feel sure of; to accept as true; to trust
bell - n. an instrument that makes a musical sound ("a church bell")
belong - v. to be owned by; to be a member of
below - ad. lower than
best - ad. the most good
betray - v. to turn against; to be false to
better - ad. more good than
between - ad. in the space or time that separates; from one to the other ("talks between two nations")
big - ad. of great size; not small
bill - n. a legislative proposal
biology - n. the scientific study of life or living things in all their forms
bird - n. a creature that flies
bite - v. to cut with the teeth
black - ad. dark; having the color like that of the night sky
blame - v. to accuse; to hold responsible
blanket - n. a cloth cover used to keep warm
bleed - v. to lose blood
blind - ad. not able to see
block - v. to stop something from being done; to prevent movement
blood - n. red fluid in the body
blow - v. to move with force, as in air ("The wind blows.")
blue - ad. having the color like that of a clear sky
boat - n. something built to travel on water that carries people or goods
body - n. all of a person or animal; the remains of a person or animal
boil - v. to heat a liquid until it becomes very hot
bomb - n. a device that explodes with great force; v. to attack or destroy with bombs
bone - n. the hard material in the body
book - n. a long written work for reading
border - n. a dividing line between nations
born - v. to come to life; to come into existence
borrow - v. to take as a loan
both - ad. not just one of two, but the two together
bottle - n. a container, usually made of glass, to hold liquid
bottom - ad. the lowest part of something
box - n. something to put things into; a container, usually made of paper or wood
boy - n. a young male person
boycott - v. to refuse to take part in or deal with
brain - n. the control center of thought, emotions and body activity of all creatures
brave - ad. having no fear
bread - n. a food made from grain
break - v. to divide into parts by force; to destroy
breathe - v. to take air into the body and let it out again
bridge - n. a structure built over a waterway, valley or road so people and vehicles can cross from one side to the other
brief - ad. short; not long
bright - ad. giving much light; strong and clear in color
bring - v. to come with something
broadcast - v. to send information, stories or music by radio or television; n. a radio or television program
brother - n. a male with the same father or mother as another person
brown - ad. having the color like that of coffee
budget - n. a spending plan
build - v. to join materials together to make something
building - n. anything built for use as a house, factory, office, school, store or place of entertainment
bullet - n. a small piece of metal shot from a gun
burn - v. to be on fire; to destroy or damage by fire
burst - v. to break open suddenly
bury - v. to put into the ground and cover with earth
bus - n. a public vehicle to carry people
business - n. one's work; buying and selling to earn money; trade
busy - ad. doing something; very active
but - conj. however; other than; yet
buy - v. to get by paying something, usually money
by - conj. near; at; next to ("by the road"); from ("a play by William Shakespeare"); not later than ("by midnight")
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C
call - v. to give a name to ("I call myself John."); to ask for or request ("They called for an end to the fighting.")
calm - ad. quiet; peaceful; opposite tense
camera - n. a device for taking pictures
camp - n. a place with temporary housing
campaign - n. a competition by opposing political candidates seeking support from voters; a connected series of military actions during a war
can - v. to be able to; to have the right to; n. a container used to hold liquid or food, usually made of metal
cancel - v. to end; to stop
cancer - n. a disease in which dangerous cells grow quickly and destroy parts of the body
candidate - n. a person who seeks or is nominated for an office or an honor
capital - n. the official center of a government; the city where a country's government is
capitalism - n. an economic system in which the production of most goods and services is owned and operated for profit by private citizens or companies
capture - v. to make a person or animal a prisoner; to seize or take by force; to get control of
car - n. a vehicle with wheels used to carry people; an automobile; a part of a train
care - v. to like; to protect; to feel worry or interest
careful - ad. acting safely; with much thought
carry - v. to take something or someone from one place to another
case (court) - n. a legal action
case (medical) - n. an incident of disease ("There was only one case of chicken pox at the school.")
cat - n. a small animal that often lives with humans
catch - v. to seize after a chase; to stop and seize with the hands
cause - v. to make happen; n. the thing or person that produces a result
ceasefire - n. a halt in fighting, usually by agreement
celebrate - v. to honor a person or event with special activities
center - n. the middle of something; the place in the middle; a place that is the main point of an activity
century - n. one hundred years
ceremony - n. an act or series of acts done in a special way established by tradition
chairman - n. a person leading a meeting or an organized group
champion - n. the best; the winner
chance - n. a possibility of winning or losing or that something will happen
change - v. to make different; to become different
charge - v. to accuse someone of something, usually a crime; n. a statement in which someone is accused of something
chase - v. to run or go after someone or something
cheat - v. to get by a trick; to steal from
cheer - v. to shout approval or praise
chemicals - n. elements found in nature or made by people; substances used in the science of chemistry
chemistry - n. the scientific study of substances, what they are made of, how they act under different conditions, and how they form other substances
chief - n. the head or leader of a group; ad. leading; most important
child - n. a baby; a boy or girl
children - n. more than one child
choose - v. to decide between two or more
circle - n. a closed shape that has all its points equally distant from the center, like an "O"
citizen - n. a person who is a member of a country by birth or by law
city - n. any important large town
civilian - ad. not military
civil rights - n. the political, economic and social rights given equally to all people of a nation
claim - v. to say something as a fact
clash - n. a battle; v. to fight or oppose
clean - v. to make pure; ad. free from dirt or harmful substances ("clean water")
clear - ad. easy to see or see through; easily understood
clergy - n. a body of officials within a religious organization
climate - n. the normal weather conditions of a place
climb - v. to go up or down something by using the feet and sometimes the hands
clock - n. a device that measures and shows time
close - v. to make something not open; ad. near to
cloth - n. a material made from plants, chemicals, animal hair and other substances
clothes - n. what people wear
cloud - n. a mass of fog high in the sky
coal - n. a solid black substance used as fuel
coalition - n. forces, groups or nations joined together
coast - n. land on the edge of the ocean
coffee - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
cold - ad. not warm; having or feeling great coolness or a low temperature
collect - v. to bring or gather together in one place; to demand and receive ("collect taxes")
college - n. a small university
colony - n. land controlled by another country or government
color - n. the different effects of light on the eye, making blue, red, brown, black, yellow and others
combine - v. to mix or bring together
come - v. to move toward; to arrive
command - v. to order; to have power over something
comment - v. to say something about; to express an opinion about something
committee - n. a group of people given special work
common - ad. usual; same for all ("a common purpose")
communicate - v. to tell; to give or exchange information
community - n. a group of people living together in one place or area
company - n. a business organized for trade, industrial or other purposes
compare - v. to examine what is different or similar
compete - v. to try to do as well as, or better than, another or others
complete - ad. having all parts; ended or finished
complex - ad. of or having many parts that are difficult to understand; not simple
compromise - n. the settlement of an argument where each side agrees to accept less than first demanded
computer - n. an electronic machine for storing and organizing information, and for communicating with others
concern - n. interest, worry ("express concern about"); v. to fear ("to be concerned")
condemn - v. to say a person or action is wrong or bad
condition - n. something declared necessary to complete an agreement; a person's health
conference - n. a meeting
confirm - v. to approve; to say that something is true
conflict - n. a fight; a battle, especially a long one
congratulate - v. to praise a person or to express pleasure for success or good luck
Congress - n. the organization of people elected to make the laws of the United States (the House of Representatives and the Senate); a similar organization in other countries
connect - v. to join one thing to another; to unite; to link
conservative - n. one who usually supports tradition and opposes great change
consider - v. to give thought to; to think about carefully
constitution - n. the written general laws and ideas that form a nation's system of government
contain - v. to hold; to include
container - n. a box, bottle or can used to hold something
continent - n. any of the seven great land areas of the world
continue - v. to go on doing or being
control - v. to direct; to have power over
convention - n. a large meeting for a special purpose
cook - v. to heat food before eating it
cool - ad. almost cold
cooperate - v. to act or work together
copy - v. to make something exactly like another; n. something made to look exactly like another
corn - n. a food grain
correct - ad. true; free from mistakes; v. to change to what is right
cost - n. the price or value of something ("The cost of the book is five dollars."); v. to be valued at ("The book costs five dollars.")
cotton - n. a material made from a plant of the same name
count - v. to speak or add numbers
country - n. a nation; the territory of a nation; land away from cities
court - n. where trials take place; where judges make decisions about law
cover - v. to put something over a person or thing; n. anything that is put over a person or thing
cow - n. a farm animal used for its milk
crash - v. to fall violently; to hit with great force
create - v. to make; to give life or form to
creature - n. any living being; any animal or human
credit - n. an agreement that payments will be made at a later time
crew - n. a group of people working together
crime - n. an act that violates a law
criminal - n. a person who is responsible for a crime
crisis - n. an extremely important time when something may become much better or worse; a dangerous situation
criticize - v. to say what is wrong with something or someone; to condemn; to judge
crops - n. plants that are grown and gathered for food, such as grains, fruits and vegetables
cross - v. to go from one side to another; to go across
crowd - n. a large number of people gathered in one place
crush - v. to damage or destroy by great weight; to defeat completely
cry - v. to express or show sorrow or pain
culture - n. all the beliefs, traditions and arts of a group or population
cure - v. to improve health; to make well ("The doctor can cure the disease."); n. something that makes a sick person well ("Antibiotics are a cure for infection.")
curfew - n. an order to people to stay off the streets or to close their businesses
current - n. movement of air, water or electricity; ad. belonging to the present time ("She found the report in a current publication.")
custom - n. a long-established belief or activity of a people
customs - n. taxes on imports
cut - v. to divide or injure with a sharp tool; to make less; to reduce
D
damage - v. to cause injury or destruction; n. harm; hurt or injury, usually to things
dance - v. to move the body and feet to music; n. a series of steps, usually to music
danger - n. a strong chance of suffering injury, damage or loss
dark - ad. having little or no light ("The room was dark.")
date - n. an expression of time; a day, month and year
daughter - n. a person's female child
day - n. twenty-four hours; the hours of sunlight
dead - ad. not living
deaf - ad. not able to hear
deal - v. to have to do with ("The talks will deal with the problem of pollution."); to buy or sell ("Her company deals in plastic.")
debate - v. to argue for or against something; n. a public discussion or argument
debt - n. something that is owed; the condition of owing
decide - v. to choose; to settle; to judge
declare - v. to say; to make a statement
decrease - v. to make less in size or amount
deep - ad. going far down; a long way from top to bottom
defeat - v. to cause to lose in a battle or struggle; n. a loss; the condition of having lost
defend - v. to guard or fight against attack; to protect
deficit - n. a shortage that results when spending is greater than earnings, or imports are greater than exports
define - v. to give the meaning of; to explain
degree - n. a measure of temperature
delay - v. to decide to do something at a later time; to postpone; to cause to be late
delegate - n. one sent to act for another; one who represents another
demand - v. to ask by ordering; to ask with force
democracy - n. the system of government in which citizens vote to choose leaders or to make other important decisions
demonstrate - v. to make a public show of opinions or feelings ("The crowd demonstrated in support of human rights."); to explain by using examples ("The teacher demonstrated the idea with an experiment.")
denounce - v. to accuse of being wrong or evil; to criticize severely
deny - v. to declare that something is not true; to refuse a request
depend - v. to need help and support
deplore - v. to regret strongly; to express sadness
deploy - v. to move forces or weapons into positions for action
depression - n. severe unhappiness; a period of reduced business and economic activity during which many people lose their jobs
describe - v. to give a word picture of something; to give details of something
desert - n. a dry area of land
design - v. to plan or create plans for
desire - v. to want very much; to wish for
destroy - v. to break into pieces; to end the existence of
detail - n. a small part of something; a small piece of information
develop - v. to grow; to create; to experience progress
device - n. a piece of equipment made for a special purpose
dictator - n. a ruler with complete power
die - v. to become dead; to stop living; to end
diet - n. usual daily food and drink
different - ad. not the same
difficult - ad. not easy; hard to do, make or carry out
dig - v. to make a hole in the ground
dinner - n. the main amount of food eaten at a usual time ("The family had its dinner at noon."); a special event that includes food ("The official dinner took place at the White House.")
diplomat - n. a person who represents his or her government in dealing with another government
direct - v. to lead; to aim or show the way ("He directed me to the theater."); ad. straight to something; not through some other person or thing ("The path is direct.")
direction - n. the way (east, west, north, south); where someone or something came from or went to
dirt - n. earth or soil
disappear - v. to become unseen; to no longer exist
disarm - v. to take away weapons; to no longer keep weapons; to make a bomb harmless by removing its exploding device
discover - v. to find or learn something
discuss - v. to talk about; to exchange ideas
disease - n. a sickness in living things, often caused by viruses, germs or bacteria
dismiss - v. to send away; to refuse to consider
dispute - v. to oppose strongly by argument; n. an angry debate
dissident - n. a person who strongly disagrees with his or her government
distance - n. the amount of space between two places or objects ("The distance from my house to your house is two kilometers.")
dive - v. to jump into water head first
divide - v. to separate into two or more parts
do - v. to act; to make an effort
doctor - n. a person trained in medicine to treat sick people
document - n. an official piece of paper with facts written on it, used as proof or support of something
dog - n. a small animal that often lives with humans
dollar - n. United States money, one hundred cents
door - n. an opening for entering or leaving a building or room
down - ad. from higher to lower; in a low place
dream - v. to have a picture or story in the mind during sleep; n. a picture or story in the mind during sleep; a happy idea about the future
drink - v. to take liquid into the body through the mouth
drive - v. to control a moving vehicle
drop - v. to fall or let fall; to go lower
drown - v. to die under water
drug - n. anything used as a medicine or in making medicine; a chemical substance used to ease pain or to affect the mind
dry - ad. not wet; without rain
during - ad. through the whole time; while (something is happening)
dust - n. pieces of matter so small that they can float in the air
duty - n. one's job or responsibility; what one must do because it is right and just
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E
early - ad. at or near the beginning, especially the beginning of the day; opposite late
earn - v. to be paid in return for work done
earth - n. the planet we all live on; the ground or soil
earthquake - n. a sudden, violent shaking of the earth's surface
ease - v. to reduce; to make less difficult
east - n. the direction from which the sun rises
easy - ad. not difficult; not hard to do
eat - v. to take food into the body through the mouth
ecology - n. the scientific study of the environment and links among living and material things
economy - n. the system by which money, industry and trade are organized
edge - n. the line where something ends or begins
education - n. the act of teaching
effect - n. the result or change caused by something ("The storm had a serious effect on the economy.")
effort - n. an attempt; the work necessary to do something
egg - n. the rounded object containing unborn young produced by female birds, fish or reptiles; a single cell in a female person or animal that can develop into a baby
either - ad. one of two, but not the other
elect - v. to choose by voting
electricity - n. a form of energy that flows through wires to provide heat and light, and power to machines
embassy - n. the offices of an ambassador and his or her assistants
emergency - n. an unexpected and dangerous situation demanding quick action
emotion - n. a strong feeling such as love, hate, fear or sadness
employ - v. to give work in return for wages
empty - ad. having nothing inside; v. to remove everything
end - v. to stop; to finish; n. the part which comes last
enemy - n. a person opposing or hating another; a person or people of the other side in a war
energy - n. power used to do work, usually with machines; the ability and willingness to be active
enforce - v. to make something be done
engine - n. a machine that uses energy to cause movement or to do work
engineer - n. a person who designs engines, machines, roads, bridges or railroads
enjoy - v. to be pleased or satisfied by something
enough - ad. as much as necessary; pro. the amount needed
enter - v. to come or go into
environment - n. all surrounding things, conditions and influences that affect life; the natural world of land, sea, air, plants and animals
equal - ad. the same in amount, size, weight or value; having the same rights
equipment - n. things, tools or machines needed for a purpose or activity
escape - v. to get free; to get away from; to get out of
especially - ad. more than others ("We liked the food, especially the fish.")
establish - v. to bring into existence; to create
estimate - v. to form an opinion about a value, size or amount using less than complete information
ethnic - ad. of or concerning people belonging to a large group because of their race, religion, language, tribe or where their ancestors lived
evaporate - v. to change from a liquid into a gas
even - ad. in a way not thought possible ("They survived, even though the building was destroyed.")
event - n. that which happens, especially something of importance
ever - ad. at any time
every - ad. each one; all
evidence - n. material or facts that prove something; a reason for believing
evil - ad. not good; extremely bad
exact - ad. having no mistakes; correct in every detail
examine - v. to study closely
example - n. a part that shows what the rest of a thing or group is like
excellent - ad. extremely good
except - prep. but for
exchange - v. to trade; to give or receive one thing for another
excuse - v. to take away blame; to pardon; to forgive; n. a reason (sometimes false) for an action
execute - v. to kill
exercise - n. an activity or effort for the purpose of improving the body or to stay in good health
exile - v. to force a person to leave his or her country; to expel; n. a person who is forced to leave his or her country
exist - v. to be; to live
expand - v. to make larger; to grow larger
expect - v. to think or believe that something will happen; to wait for an event
expel - v. to force out; to remove from; to send away
experience - v. to live through an event, situation or condition ("She experienced great pain."); n. something that one has done or lived through ("The experience caused her great pain.")
experiment - v. to test; n. a test or trial carried out to prove if an idea is true or false, or to discover something
expert - n. a person with special knowledge or training
explain - v. to give reasons for; to make clear; to tell about; to tell the meaning
explode - v. to break apart violently with a loud noise, like a bomb
explore - v. to travel in a place that is not well known to learn more about it; to make a careful search; to examine closely
export - v. to send to another country; n. something sent to another country, usually for sale
express - v. to say clearly
extend - v. to stretch out in area or length; to continue for a longer time
extra - ad. more than normal, expected or necessary
extreme - ad. more than the usual or accepted
extremist - n. a person with strong religious or political beliefs who acts in an extreme or violent way
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F
fact - n. something known or proved to be true
factory - n. a building or group of buildings where goods are made
fail - v. to not succeed; to not reach a goal
fair - ad. just; honest; what is right
fall - v. to go down quickly; to come down; to drop to the ground or a lower position
false - ad. not true; not correct
family - n. the group that includes children and their parents
famous - ad. known very well to many people
far - ad. at, to or from a great distance
farm - n. land used to grow crops and animals for food
fast - ad. moving or working at great speed; quick
fat - n. tissue in the bodies of humans and animals used to store energy and to keep warm; ad. thick; heavy
father - n. the male parent; a man who has a child or children
fear - v. to be afraid; to worry that something bad is near or may happen ("He feared falling down."); n. a strong emotion when there is danger or trouble ("He had a fear that he would fall down.")
federal - ad. of or having to do with a national or central government
feed - v. to give food to
feel - v. to have or experience an emotion; to know by touching
female - n. a woman or girl; the sex that gives birth; ad. of or about women
fence - n. something around an area of land to keep animals or people in or out
fertile - ad. rich in production of plants or animals; producing much
few - ad. not many; a small number of
field - n. an area of open land, usually used to grow crops or to raise animals
fierce - ad. extremely strong; violent; angry
fight - v. to use violence or force; to attempt to defeat or destroy an enemy; n. the use of force; a battle
fill - v. to put or pour something into a container until there is space for no more
film - v. to record something so it can be seen again; to make a motion picture or movie; n. a thin piece of material for making pictures with a camera; a movie
final - ad. at the end; last
financial - ad. of or about the system that includes the use of money, credit, investments and banks
find - v. to discover or learn something by searching or by accident; to decide a court case ("The jury finds the man guilty of murder.")
fine - n. a payment ordered by a court to punish someone for a crime; ad. very good; very small or thin
finish - v. to complete; to end
fire - v. to shoot a gun; n. the heat and light produced by something burning
fireworks - n. rockets producing bright fire in the sky, used in holiday celebrations
firm - ad. not easily moved or changed ("She is firm in her opinion.")
first - ad. coming before all others
fish - n. a creature that lives and can breathe in water
fit - v. to be of the correct size or shape ("These shoes fit my feet.")
fix - v. to make good or right again
flag - n. a piece of colored cloth used to represent a nation, government or organization
flat - ad. smooth; having no high places
flee - v. to run away from
float - v. to be on water without sinking; to move or be moved gently on water or through air
flood - v. to cover with water; n. the movement of water out of a river, lake or ocean onto land
floor - n. the bottom part of a room for walking on ("The book fell to the floor."); the level of a building ("The fire was on the first floor.")
flow - v. to move like a liquid
flower - n. the colored part of plants that carry seeds
fluid - n. any substance that can flow, such as a liquid
fly - v. to move through the air with wings, like a bird or airplane; to travel in an airplane or flying vehicle
fog - n. a mass of wet air that is difficult to see through; a cloud close to the ground
follow - v. to come or go after; to accept the rule or power of; to obey
food - n. that which is taken in by all living things for energy, strength and growth
fool - v. to make someone believe something that is not true; to trick; n. a person who is tricked easily
foot - n. the bottom part of the leg; the part of the body that touches the ground when a person or animal walks
for - prep. because of ("He is famous for his work."); in exchange ("Give me one dollar for the book."); through space or time ("They travelled for one hour."); representative of ("I speak for all people."); to be employed by ("She works for a computer company.")
force - v. to make someone do something or make something happen by using power; n. power, strength; strength used against a person or object; military power of a nation; a military group
foreign - ad. of, about or from another nation; not from one's own place or country
forest - n. a place of many trees
forget - v. to not remember
forgive - v. to pardon; to excuse; to remove guilt
form - v. to make; to start; to shape ("They formed a swim team."); n. a kind ("Swimming is a form of exercise.") former - ad. earlier in time; not now
forward - ad. the direction in front of; toward the front
free - v. to release; ad. not controlled by another or by outside forces; not in prison; independent; not limited by rules; without cost
freedom - n. the condition of being free
freeze - v. to cause or to become very cold; to make or to become hard by cold
fresh - ad. newly made or gathered; recent
friend - n. a person one likes and trusts
frighten - v. to cause great fear
from - prep. having a person, place or thing as a beginning or cause ("It is a message from the president."); at a place distant, not near ("The school is five kilometers from my home."); because of ("He is suffering from cancer.")
front - n. the forward part; the opposite of back; the beginning; the first part
fruit - n. food from trees and plants
fuel - n. any substance burned to create heat or power
full - ad. containing as much as a person or thing can hold; complete
fun - n. anything that is pleasing and causes happiness
funeral - n. a ceremony held in connection with the burial or burning of the dead
future - n. time after now ("We can talk about it in the future."); ad. in the time to come ("All future meetings will be held in this room.")
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G
game - n. an activity with rules in which people or teams play or compete, usually sports
gas - n. any substance that is not solid or liquid; any substance that burns to provide heat, light or power
gather - v. to bring or come together into a group or place; to collect
general - n. a high military leader; ad. without details; affecting or including all or almost all
gentle - ad. soft; kind; not rough or violent
get - v. to receive; to gain; to go and bring back; to become; to become the owner of
gift - n. something given without cost
girl - n. a young female person
give - v. to present to another to keep without receiving payment
glass - n. a hard, clear material that is easily broken, used most often for windows or for containers to hold liquids
go - v. to move from one place to another; to leave
goal - n. that toward which an effort is directed; that which is aimed at; the end of a trip or race
god - n. the spirit that is honored as creator of all things ("They believe in God."); a spirit or being believed in many religions to have special powers
gold - n. a highly valued yellow metal
good - ad. pleasing; helpful; kind; correct; not bad
goods - n. things owned or made to be sold
govern - v. to control; to rule by military or political power
government - n. a system of governing; the organization of people that rules a country, city or area
grain - n. the seed of grass plants used for food, such as wheat, rice and corn; those plants that produce the seeds
granddaughter - n. the daughter of a person's daughter or son
grandfather - n. the father of a person's father or mother
grandmother - n. the mother of a person's father or mother
grandson - n. the son of a person's daughter or son
grass - n. a plant with long, narrow, green leaves
gray - ad. having the color like that made by mixing black and white
great - ad. very large or more than usual in size or number; very good; important
green - ad. having the color like that made by mixing yellow and blue; having the color like that of growing leaves and grass
grind - v. to reduce to small pieces by crushing
ground - n. land; the earth's surface; soil
group - n. a number of people or things together; a gathering of people working for a common purpose
grow - v. to develop or become bigger; to increase in size or amount
guarantee - v. to promise a result; to promise that something will happen
guard - v. to watch and protect a person, place or thing ("He guards the president."); n. a person or thing that watches or protects ("He is a prison guard.")
guerrilla - n. a person who fights as part of an unofficial army, usually against an official army or police
guide - v. to lead to; to show the way; n. one who shows the way
guilty - ad. having done something wrong or in violation of a law; responsible for a bad action
gun - n. a weapon that shoots bullets
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H
half - n. one of two equal parts of something
halt - v. to come or cause to come to a stop; to stop
hang - v. to place something so the highest part is supported and the lower part is not; to kill by hanging
happen - v. to become a fact or event; to take place
happy - ad. pleased; satisfied; feeling good; not sad
hard - ad. not easily cut or broken; solid; difficult to do or understand; needing much effort or force
harm - v. to injure; to damage; n. damage; hurt
harvest - v. to gather crops; n. the crop after it is gathered
hat - n. a head cover
hate - v. to have strong emotions against; to consider as an enemy; opposite love
have - v. to possess; to own; to hold
he - pro. the boy or man who is being spoken about
head - v. to lead; to command; n. leader; chief; the top part of something; the highest position
headquarters - n. the center from which orders are given; the main offices of a business or organization
heal - v. to return to good health; to cure; to become well
health - n. the general condition of the body and mind; the condition of being free from sickness or disease
hear - v. to receive sound through the ears; to receive news about
heat - v. to make hot or warm; n. great warmth; that which is produced by burning fuel; energy from the sun
heavy - ad. having much weight; not easy to lift; of great amount or force
helicopter - n. a machine without wings that can fly up or down or remain in one place above the ground
help - v. to give support; to assist; to make easier; n. support; aid
here - ad. in, to or at this place
hero - n. a person honored for being brave or wise
hide - v. to prevent from being seen or found; to make secret
high - ad. tall; far up; far above the ground; important; above others
hijack - v. to seize or take control of a vehicle by force
hill - n. a small mountain
history - n. the written record or description of past events; the study of the past
hit - v. to strike; to touch with force
hold - v. to carry or support, usually in the hands or arms; to keep in one position; to keep as a prisoner; to contain; to possess; to occupy; to organize and be involved in ("The two sides hold talks this week.")
hole - n. an opening; a torn or broken place in something
holiday - n. a day when one does not work; a day on which no work is done to honor or remember a person or event
holy - ad. greatly honored in religion
home - n. the building where a person lives, especially with family; the place where one was born or comes from; the area or country where one lives
honest - ad. truthful; able to be trusted
honor - v. to obey; to show strong, good feelings for ("to honor one's parents"); n. an award; an act of giving special recognition ("He received many honors for his efforts to help others.")
hope - v. to expect; to believe there is a good chance that something will happen as wanted; to want something to happen
horrible - ad. causing great fear; terrible
horse - n. a large animal often used for racing, riding or farm work
hospital - n. a place where sick or injured people are given medical care
hostage - n. a person captured and held as a guarantee that a demand or promise will be honored
hostile - ad. ready to fight; ready for war
hot - ad. having or feeling great heat or a high temperature
hotel - n. a building with rooms, and often food, for travellers
hour - n. a measure of time; sixty minutes
house - n. a building in which people live; a country's parliament or lawmaking group ("House of Representatives")
how - ad. in what way; to what amount however - conj. yet; but
huge - ad. very big; of great size
human - ad. of or about people
humor - n. the ability to understand, enjoy or express what makes people laugh
hunger - n. the need for food
hunt - v. to search for animals to capture or kill them; to seek; to try to find
hurry - v. to do or go fast
hurt - v. to cause pain, injury or damage
husband - n. a man who is married
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I
ice - n. frozen water
idea - n. a thought or picture in the mind; a belief
identify - v. to recognize someone or something and to say who or what they are
if - conj. on condition; provided that ("I will go if you go.")
illegal - ad. not legal; in violation of a law
imagine - v. to make a picture in the mind; to form an idea
immediate - ad. without delay; very near in time or place
import - v. to bring from another country; n. something brought from another country, usually for sale
important - ad. having great meaning, value or power
improve - v. to make better; to become better
in - prep. inside; held by; contained by; surrounded by; during
incident - n. an event or something that happens
incite - v. to urge or cause an action or emotion, usually something bad or violent
include - v. to have; to make a part of
increase - v. to make more in size or amount
independent - ad. not influenced by or controlled by another or others; free; separate
individual - n. one person
industry - n. any business that produces goods or provides services; the work and related activity in factories and offices; all organizations involved in manufacturing
infect - v. to make sick with something that causes disease
inflation - n. a continuing rise in prices while the value of money goes down
influence - v. to have an effect on someone or something; to cause change
inform - v. to tell; to give knowledge to
information - n. knowledge; facts
inject - v. to force a fluid into, such as putting medicine or drugs into the body through the skin
injure - v. to cause harm or damage to a person or animal
innocent - ad. not guilty of a crime; not responsible for a bad action
insane - ad. mentally sick
insect - n. a very small creature, usually with many legs and sometimes with wings
inspect - v. to look at something carefully; to examine, especially by an expert
instead - ad. in the place of; taking the place of
instrument - n. a tool or device designed to do something or to make something
insult - v. to say something or to do something that makes another person angry or dishonored
intelligence - n. the ability to think or learn; information gathered by spying
intelligent - ad. quick to understand or learn
intense - ad. very strong; extremely serious
interest - n. what is important to someone ("He acted to protect his interests." "She had a great interest in painting."); a share in owning a business; money paid for the use of money borrowed
interfere - v. to get in the way of; to work against; to take part in the activities of others, especially when not asked to do so
international - ad. of or about more than one nation or many nations; of the whole world
intervene - v. to come between; to come between in order to settle or solve
invade - v. to enter an area or country by force with an army
invent - v. to plan and make something never made before; to create a new thing or way of doing something
invest - v. to give money to a business or organization with the hope of making more money
investigate - v. to study or examine all information about an event, situation or charge; to search for the truth
invite - v. to ask someone to take part in or join an event, organization or gathering
involve - v. to take part in; to become a part of; to include
iron - n. a strong, hard metal used to make machines and tools
island - n. a land area with water all around it
issue - n. an important problem or subject that people are discussing or arguing about
it - pro. a thing, place, event or idea that is being spoken about ("The sky is blue, but it also has a few white clouds.")
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J
jewel - n. a valuable stone, such as a diamond or emerald
job - n. the work that one does to earn money
join - v. to put together or come together; to become part of or a member of
joint - ad. shared by two or more
joke - n. something done or said to cause others to laugh
judge - v. to form an opinion about; to decide a question, especially a legal one; n. a public official who decides problems of law in a court jump - v. to push down on the feet and move up quickly into the air
jury - n. a group of people chosen to decide what is true in a trial
just - ad. only ("Help me for just a minute."); very shortly before or after the present ("He just left."); at the same time ("He left just as I came in."); what is right or fair ("The law is just, in my opinion.")
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K
kick - v. to hit with the foot
kidnap - v. to seize and take away by force
kill - v. to make dead; to cause to die
kind - n. sort ("What kind of dog is that?"); ad. gentle; caring; helpful
kiss - v. to touch with the mouth to show love or honor
knife - n. a tool or weapon used to cut
know - v. to understand something as correct; to have the facts about; to recognize someone because you have met and talked together before
knowledge - n. that which is known; learning or understanding
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L
laboratory - n. a room or place where experiments in science are done
lack - v. to be without; n. the condition of needing, wanting or not having
lake - n. a large area of fresh water surrounded by land
land - v. to come to the earth from the air ("Airplanes land at airports."); n. the part of the earth not covered by water; the ground
language - n. words and their use; what people speak in a country, nation or group
large - ad. big; being of more than usual size, amount or number; opposite small
last - v. to continue ("The talks will last three days."); ad. after all others; the only one remaining ("She is the last person in line.")
late - ad. after the correct time; near the end; opposite early
laugh - v. to make sounds to express pleasure or happy feelings
launch - v. to put into operation; to begin; to send into the air or space
law - n. all or any rules made by a government
lead - v. to show the way; to command; to control; to go first
leak - v. to come out of or to escape through a small opening or hole (usually a gas or liquid)
learn - v. to get knowledge about; to come to know a fact or facts
leave - v. to go away from; to let something stay where it is
left - ad. on the side that is toward the west when one is facing north; opposite right
legal - ad. of or in agreement with the law
legislature - n. a government lawmaking group
lend - v. to permit someone to use a thing temporarily; to make a loan of money
less - ad. smaller in amount; not as much
let - v. to permit to do or to be; to make possible
letter - n. a message written on paper; a communication in writing sent to another person
level - n. the amount or height that something reaches or rises to; the position of something or someone
liberal - ad. one who usually supports social progress or change
lie - v. to have one's body on the ground or other surface; to say something that one knows is not true
life - n. the time between being born and dying; opposite death; all living things
lift - v. to take or bring up to a higher place or level
light - n. a form of energy that affects the eyes so that one is able to see; anything that produces light; ad. bright; clear; not heavy
lightning - n. light produced by electricity in the air, usually during a storm
like - v. to be pleased with; to have good feelings for someone or something; ad. in the same way as; similar to
limit - v. to restrict to a number or amount; n. the greatest amount or number permitted
line - n. a long, thin mark on a surface; a number of people or things organized; one after another; the edge of an area protected by military forces
link - v. to connect; to unite one thing or event with another; n. a relation between two or more things, situations or events
liquid - n. a substance that is not a solid or gas, and can move freely, like water
list - v. to put in writing a number of names of people or things; n. a written series of names or things
listen - v. to try to hear
literature - n. all the poems, stories and writings of a period of time or of a country
little - ad. not tall or big; a small amount
live - v. to have life; to exist; ad. having life; alive
load - v. to put objects on or into a vehicle or container; n. that which is carried
loan - n. money borrowed that usually must be returned with interest payments; something borrowed
local - ad. about or having to do with one place
lonely - ad. feeling alone and wanting friends; visited by few or no people ("a lonely man")
long - ad. not short; measuring from beginning to end; measuring much; for much time
look - v. to turn the eyes toward so as to see; to search or hunt for; to seem to be
lose - v. to have no longer; to not find; to fail to keep; to be defeated
loud - ad. having a strong sound; full of sound or noise
love - v. to like very much; to feel a strong, kind emotion (sometimes involving sex); n. a strong, kind emotion for someone or something; opposite hate
low - ad. not high or tall; below the normal height; close to the ground
loyal - ad. showing strong friendship and support for someone or something
luck - n. something that happens by chance
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M
magazine - n. a publication of news, stories, pictures or other information
mail - n. letters, papers and other things sent through an official system, such as a post office
main - ad. the most important or largest
major - ad. great in size, importance or amount
majority - n. the greater number; more than half
make - v. to produce; to create; to build; to do something or to carry out an action; to cause to be or to become
male - n. a man or boy; the sex that is the father of children; ad. of or about men
man - n. an adult male human
manufacture - v. to make goods in large amounts
many - ad. a large number or amount of
map - n. a picture of the earth's surface or a part of it
march - v. to walk in a group like soldiers; to walk together in a large group to protest about something
mark - v. to make a sign or cut on something
market - n. a place or area where goods are sold, bought or traded; an economic system in which the prices of things are decided by how many there are and how much money people are willing to pay for them
marry - v. to join a man and woman together as husband and wife; to become husband and wife (usually in a religious or civil ceremony)
mass - n. an amount of matter having no special form and usually of a large size
mate - v. to bring together a male and a female to create another creature
material - n. the substance, substances or matter of which something is made or from which something can be made, such as wood, cloth or stone; anything that can be made into something else
mathematics - n. the science dealing with amounts, sizes and shapes, as explained by numbers and signs
matter - n. anything that can be seen or felt; what things are made of
may - v. a word used with an action word to mean permit or possible ("May I go?" "They may leave tomorrow.")
mayor - n. the chief official of a city or town government
meal - n. food eaten to satisfy hunger, such as dinner
mean - v. to want to; to give the idea of; to have the idea of
measure - v. to learn the amount, size or distance of something; n. an action taken; a legislative proposal
meat - n. the part of a dead animal used for food
media - n. all public information organizations, including newspapers, television and radio
medicine - n. a substance or drug used to treat disease or pain; the science or study of treating and curing disease or improving health
meet - v. to come together with someone or something at the same time and place
melt - v. to make a solid into a liquid by heating it
member - n. one of a group
memorial - n. something done or made to honor the memory of a person or event
memory - n. a picture in the mind of past events; the ability to remember; a thing remembered
mental - ad. about or having to do with the mind
mercy - n. kindness toward those who should be punished; the power to be kind or to pardon
message - n. written or spoken news or information; a note from one person to another person or group
metal - n. a hard substance such as iron, steel or gold
method - n. the way something is done
microscope - n. a device used to make very small things look larger so they can be studied
middle - n. the center; a place or time of equal distance from both sides or ends; ad. in the center
militant - n. someone active in trying to cause political change, often by the use of force or violence
military - n. the armed forces of a nation or group; ad. of or about the armed forces
milk - n. the white liquid produced by female animals to feed their young
mind - n. the thinking, feeling part of a person
mine - v. to dig useful or valuable substances out of the earth; n. a place in the earth where such substances are found; a bomb placed under the ground or under water so it cannot be seen
mineral - n. a substance found in nature that is not an animal or a plant, such as coal or salt
minister - n. a member of a cabinet; a high government official ("prime minister," "foreign minister") minor - ad. small in size; of little importance
minority - n. the smaller number; opposite majority
minute - n. a measure of time; one of the sixty equal parts of an hour; sixty seconds
miss - v. to fail to hit, see, reach or meet
missile - n. any weapon that can be thrown or fired through the air and explodes when it reaches its target
missing - ad. lost; not found
mistake - n. a wrong action or decision; an action done without the knowledge that it was wrong
mix - v. to put different things together to make one thing
mob - n. a large group of wild or angry people
model - n. an example; something, usually small, made to show how something will look or work
moderate - ad. not extreme
modern - ad. of the present or very recent time; the most improved
money - n. pieces of metal or paper used to pay for things
month - n. one of the twelve periods of time into which a year is divided
moon - n. the bright object often seen in the night sky that orbits the earth about every twenty-nine days
moral - ad. concerning what is right or wrong in someone's actions
more - ad. greater in size or amount
morning - n. the early part of the day, from sunrise until noon
most - ad. greatest in size or amount
mother - n. the female parent; a woman who has a child or children
motion - n. a movement; a continuing change of position or place
mountain - n. a part of the earth's surface that rises high above the area around it
mourn - v. to express or feel sadness
move - v. to change position; to put or keep in motion; to go
movement - n. the act of moving or a way of moving; a series of acts or efforts to reach a goal
movie - n. a motion picture; a film
much - ad. great in amount
murder - v. to kill another person illegally; n. the crime of killing another person
music - n. the making of sounds by singing or using a musical instrument
must - v. a word used with an action word to mean necessary ("You must go to school.")
mystery - n. something that is not or cannot be explained or understood; a secret
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N
narrow - ad. limited in size or amount; not wide; having a short distance from one side to the other
nation - n. a country, together with its social and political systems
native - n. someone who was born in a place, not one who moved there
natural - ad. of or about nature; normal; common to its kind
nature - n. all the plants, animals and other things on earth not created by humans; events or processes not caused by humans
navy - n. the part of a country's military force trained to fight at sea
near - ad. not far; close to
necessary - prep. needed to get a result or effect; required
need - v. to require; to want; to be necessary to have or to do
negotiate - v. to talk about a problem or situation to find a common solution
neither - ad. not one or the other of two
neutral - ad. not supporting one side or the other in a dispute
never - ad. at no time; not ever
new - ad. not existing before; not known before; recently made, built, bought or grown; another; different
news - n. information about any recent events, especially as reported by the media
next - ad. coming immediately after; nearest
nice - ad. pleasing; good; kind
night - n. the time between when the sun goes down and when it rises, when there is little or no light
no - ad. used to reject or to refuse; not any; not at all
noise - n. sound, especially when loud
nominate - v. to name someone as a candidate for an election; to propose a person for an office or position
noon - n. the middle of the day; twelve o'clock in the daytime
normal - n. the usual condition, amount or form; ad. usual; what is expected
north - n. the direction to the left of a person facing the rising sun
not - ad. a word showing that something is denied or untrue ("She is not going.")
note - v. to talk about something already known; n. a word or words written to help a person remember; a short letter
nothing - n. not anything; no thing
now - ad. at this time; immediately
nowhere - ad. not in, to or at any place
nuclear - ad. of or about the energy produced by splitting atoms or bringing them together; of or about weapons that explode by using energy from atoms
number - n. a word or sign used to show the order or amount of things
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O
object - v. to show that one does not like or approve; to protest; n. something not alive that can be seen or touched
observe - v. to watch; to look at carefully; to celebrate or honor something ("They will observe the anniversary of the day she was born.")
occupy - v. to take and hold or to control by force
ocean - n. the area of salt water that covers almost seventy-five percent of the earth's surface; any of the five main divisions of this water
of - prep. made from; belonging to; about; connected to; included among
off - ad. away; at a distance; condition when something is no longer operating or continuing; not on; not connected
offensive - n. a military campaign of attack; ad. having to do with attacking
offer - v. to present or propose; n. the act of presenting or proposing; that which is presented or proposed
office - n. a room or building where business or work is done; a public position to which one is elected or appointed
officer - n. a person in the military who commands others; any person who is a member of a police force
official - n. a person with power in an organization; a representative of an organization or government; ad. of or about an office; approved by the government or someone in power
often - ad. many times
oil - n. a thick liquid that does not mix with water and that burns easily; a black liquid taken from the ground and used as fuel
old - ad. not young or new; having lived or existed for many years
on - prep. above and held up by; touching the upper surface of ("The book is on the table."); supported by ("He is on his feet."); about ("The report on the meeting is ready."); at the time of ("He left on Wednesday.")
once - ad. one time only
only - ad. being the single one or ones; no more than ("We have only two dollars.")
open - v. to start ("They opened talks."); ad. not closed; not secret
operate - v. to do work or a job; to cut into the body for medical reasons
opinion - n. a belief based on one's own ideas and thinking
oppose - v. to be against; to fight against
opposite - ad. different as possible; completely different from; exactly the other way ("North is the opposite direction from south.")
oppress - v. to make others suffer; to control by the use of unjust and cruel force or power
or - conj. giving another of two choices; giving the last of several choices
orbit - v. to travel in space around a planet or other object; n. the path or way an object travels in space around another object or planet
order - v. to give a command; to tell someone what to do; n. a command; the correct or normal way things are organized; a peaceful situation in which people obey laws
organize - v. to put in order; to put together into a system
other - ad. different; of another kind; the remaining one or ones of two or more ("That man is short; the other is tall.")
our - ad. of or belonging to us
oust - v. to force to leave; to remove by force
out - ad. away from the inside; opposite of in
over - conj. above; covering; across, in or on every part of ("all over the world")
overthrow - v. to remove from power; to defeat or end by force
owe - v. to pay or have to repay (usually money) in return for something received
own - v. to have or possess for oneself
paint - v. to cover with a liquid color; to make a picture with liquid colors; n. a colored liquid used to cover or protect a surface
pan - n. a metal container used for cooking
paper - n. a thin, flat material made from plants or cloth often used for writing
parachute - n. a device that permits a person or thing to fall slowly from an airplane or helicopter to the ground
parade - n. a group of people and vehicles moving together to celebrate a special event or anniversary
pardon - v. to forgive for a crime and release from punishment
parent - n. a father or mother
parliament - n. a government lawmaking group
part - n. something less than the whole; not all of something
party - n. a group of people working together for a political purpose; a group of people or friends gathered together for enjoyment
pass - v. to go by or move around something; to move along; to cause or permit to go
passenger - n. a person travelling by airplane, train, boat or car who is not the pilot or driver
passport - n. a document permitting a person to travel to another country
past - n. the time gone by; the time before; ad. recent; immediately before; former
path - n. a narrow way for walking; a way along which something moves
patient - n. a person being treated by a doctor for a health problem
pay - v. to give money for work done or for something bought
peace - n. the condition of freedom from war, fighting or noise; rest; quiet
people - n. any group of persons; all the persons of a group, race, religion or nation ("the American people")
percent - n. a part of every hundred ("Ten is ten percent of one hundred.")
perfect - ad. complete or correct in every way; completely right or good; without mistakes
perform - v. to speak, dance or sing in front of others
period - n. an amount of time within events, restrictions or conditions
permanent - ad. never changing; lasting for a very long time or for all time
permit - v. to let; to make possible
person - n. a man, woman or child physical - ad. of the body
physics - n. the study of motion, matter and energy
picture - n. something that shows what another thing looks like; an idea or representation of something as seen by the eye; a painting; what is made with a camera
piece - n. a part of something larger
pig - n. a farm animal used for its meat
pilot - n. one who guides or flies an airplane or helicopter
pipe - n. a long, round piece of material used to move liquid or gas
place - v. to put something somewhere; n. an area or a part of an area; space where a person or thing is; any room, building, town or country
plan - v. to organize or develop an idea or method of acting or doing something ("They plan to have a party."); n. an organized or developed idea or method ("The plan will not work.")
planet - n. a large object in space that orbits the sun ("Earth is a planet.")
plant - v. to put into the ground to grow; n. a living growth from the ground which gets its food from air, water and earth plastic - n. a material made from chemicals that can be formed and made into things
play - v. to have fun; to not work; to take part in a sport; to make music on an instrument; n. a story acted in a theater
please - v. to make one happy; to give enjoyment plenty - n. all that is needed; a large enough amount
plot - v. to make secret plans; n. a secret plan to do something wrong or illegal
poem - n. words and their sounds organized in a special way to express emotions
point - v. to aim one's finger toward; to aim; n. the sharp end of something
poison - n. a substance that can destroy life or damage health
police - n. a government agency responsible for guarding the public, keeping order, and making sure people obey the law; members of that agency
policy - n. an established set of plans or goals used to develop and make decisions in politics, economics or business
politics - n. the activities of government and of those who are in public office
pollute - v. to release dangerous or unpleasant substances into the air, soil or water
poor - n. people with little or no money; ad. lacking money or goods; of bad quality
popular - ad. liked by many people; generally approved by the public
population - n. all the people in a place, city or country
port - n. a city where ships load or unload goods; a place on a coast where ships can be safe from a storm
position - n. a place; the way of holding the body; the way a thing is set or placed; a job (or level of a job) in an organization
possess - v. to have; to own; to control or be controlled by
possible - ad. able to be done; can happen or is expected to happen
postpone - v. to delay action until a later time pour - v. to flow; to cause to flow
power - n. the ability to control or direct others; control; strength; ruling force; force or energy used to do work ("Water power turns the wheel.")
praise - v. to say good things about; to approve
pray - v. to make a request to a god or spirit; to praise a god or spirit
pregnant - ad. carrying a child within the body before it is born; expecting to give birth to a baby
present - v. to offer for consideration ("We will present our idea to the committee."); n. a gift ("I gave them a present for their anniversary."); now ("The present time is a good time."); ad. to be at a place ("I was present at school yesterday.")
president - n. the chief official of a country that is a republic; the leader of an organization
press - v. to urge strongly; n. newspapers, magazines and other publications
pressure - n. the force produced when something is pushed down or against something else
prevent - v. to keep or stop from going or happening
price - n. the amount of money for which anything is bought, sold or offered for sale
prison - n. a place where a person is kept as punishment for a crime
private - ad. of or about a person or group that is secret; opposite public
prize - n. something offered or won in a competition; something of value that one must work hard for to get
probably - ad. a good chance of taking place; a little more than possible
problem - n. a difficult question or situation with an unknown or unclear answer
process - n. an operation or series of changes leading to a desired result
produce - v. to make; to create; to cause something to be; to manufacture
profession - n. a job that requires special training professor - n. a teacher at a college or university
profit - n. money gained from a business activity after paying all costs of that activity
program - n. a plan of action; the different events or parts of a meeting or show
progress - n. movement forward or toward improvement or a goal
project - n. a planned effort to do something
propaganda - n. ideas or information used to influence opinions
property - n. anything owned by someone such as land, buildings or goods
propose - v. to present or offer for consideration
protect - v. to guard; to defend; to prevent from being harmed or damaged
protest - v. to speak against; to object
prove - v. to show to be true
provide - v. to give something needed or wanted
public - ad. of or about all the people in a community or country; opposite private
publication - n. something that is published such as a book, newspaper or magazine
publish - v. to make public something that is written; to include something in a book, newspaper or magazine
pull - v. to use force to move something toward the person or thing using the force; opposite push
pump - v. to force a gas or liquid up, into or through
punish - v. to cause pain, suffering or loss for doing something bad or illegal
purchase - v. to buy with money or with something of equal value; n. that which is bought
pure - ad. free from anything that is different or that reduces value; clean
purpose - n. the reason or desired effect for doing something; goal
push - v. to use force to move something away from the person or thing using the force; opposite pull
put - v. to place; to set in position
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Q
question - v. to ask; to express wonder or disbelief; n. a sentence or word used in asking for information; a problem; an issue to be discussed
quick - ad. fast
quiet - ad. with little or no noise; having little or no movement; calm
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R
radar - n. a device that uses radio signals to learn the position or speed of objects that may be too far away to be seen
radiation - n. waves of energy from something that produces heat or light; energy from a nuclear substance, which can be dangerous
radio - n. the system of sending and receiving signals or sounds through the air without wires
raid - v. to make a sudden attack; n. a sudden attack carried out as an act of war, or for the purpose of seizing or stealing something
railroad - n. a road for trains; a company that operates such a road and its stations and equipment
rain - n. water falling from the sky
raise - v. to lift up; to move to a higher position; to cause to grow; to increase
rare - ad. not common; not usual; not often
rate - n. speed; a measure of how quickly or how often something happens; the price of any thing or service that is bought or sold
reach - v. to put a hand toward; to arrive at; to come to
react - v. to act as a result of or in answer to
read - v. to look at and understand the meaning of written words or numbers
ready - ad. prepared; completed; organized; willing
real - ad. true; truly existing; not false
realistic - ad. in agreement with the way things are
reason - n. the cause for a belief or act; purpose; something that explains
reasonable - ad. ready to listen to reasons or ideas; not extreme; ready or willing to compromise
rebel - v. to act against a government or power, often with force; to refuse to obey; n. one who opposes or fights against the government of his or her country
receive - v. to get or accept something given, offered or sent
recent - ad. a short time ago
recession - n. a temporary reduction in economic activity, when industries produce less and many workers lose their jobs
recognize - v. to know or remember something or someone that was known, known about or seen before; to accept another nation as independent and establish diplomatic ties with its government
record - v. to write something in order to have it for future use; to put sound or pictures in a form that can be kept and heard or seen again; n. a writing that shows proof or facts about something
recover - v. to get again something that was lost, stolen or taken away ("The police recovered the stolen money."); to return to normal health or normal conditions ("She is expected to recover from the operation.")
red - ad. having the color like that of blood
reduce - v. to make less or smaller in number, size or amount; to cut
reform - v. to make better by changing; to improve; n. a change to a better condition
refugee - n. a person who has been forced to flee because of unjust treatment, danger or war
refuse - v. to reject; to not accept, give or do something
regret - n. a feeling of sadness or sorrow about something that is done or that happens
reject - v. to refuse to accept, use or believe
relations - n. understandings or ties between nations; members of the same family; people connected by marriage or family ties
release - v. to free; to permit to go; to permit to be known or made public
religion - n. a belief in, or the honoring of, a god or gods
remain - v. to stay in a place after others leave; to stay the same
remains - n. a dead body
remember - v. to think about the past; opposite forget
remove - v. to take away or take off; to put an end to; to take out of a position or office
repair - n. work done to fix something
repeat - v. to say or do again
report - v. to tell about; to give the results of a study or investigation; n. the story about an event; the results of a study or investigation; a statement in which the facts may not be confirmed
represent - v. to act in the place of someone else; to substitute for; to serve as an example
repress - v. to control or to restrict freedoms by force
request - v. to ask for; n. the act of asking for
require - v. to need or demand as necessary
rescue - v. to free from danger or evil
research - n. a careful study to discover correct information
resign - v. to leave a position, job or office
resist - v. to oppose; to fight to prevent
resolution - n. an official statement of agreement by a group of people, usually reached by voting
resource - n. anything of value that can be used or sold
responsible - ad. having a duty or job to do ("He is responsible for preparing the report."); being the cause of ("They were responsible for the accident.")
rest - v. to sit, lie down or sleep to regain strength; n. that which remains; the others
restrain - v. to keep controlled; to limit action by a person or group
restrict - v. to limit; to prevent from increasing or becoming larger
result - v. to happen from a cause; n. that which follows or is produced by a cause; effect
retire - v. to leave a job or position because one is old or in poor health
return - v. to go or come back; to bring, give, take or send back
revolt - v. to protest violently; to fight for a change, especially of government
rice - n. a food grain
rich - ad. having much money or goods; having plenty of something
ride - v. to sit on or in and be carried along; to travel by animal, wheeled vehicle, airplane or boat
right - n. what a person legally and morally should be able to do or have ("It is their right to vote."); ad. agreeing with the facts; good; correct; opposite wrong; on the side that is toward the east when one is facing north; opposite left
riot - v. to act with many others in a violent way in a public place; n. a violent action by a large group of people
rise - v. to go up; to go higher; to increase; to go from a position of sitting or lying to a position of standing
risk - n. the chance of loss, damage or injury
river - n. a large amount of water that flows across land into another river, a lake or an ocean
road - n. a long piece of hard ground built between two places so people can walk, drive or ride easily from one place to the other
rob - v. to take money or property secretly or by force; to steal
rock - n. a hard piece of mineral matter
rocket - n. a device shaped like a tube that moves through air or space by burning gases and letting them escape from the back or bottom, sometimes used as a weapon
roll - v. to turn over and over; to move like a ball
room - n. a separate area within a building with its own walls
root - n. the part of a plant that is under the ground and takes nutrients from the soil
rope - n. a long, thick piece of material made from thinner pieces of material, used for tying
rough - ad. not flat or smooth; having an uneven surface; violent; not made well
round - ad. having the shape of a ball or circle
rub - v. to move something over the surface of another thing
rubber - n. a substance made from the liquid of trees with the same name, or a similar substance made from chemicals
ruin - v. to damage severely; to destroy
rule - v. to govern or control; to decide; n. a statement or an order that says how something must be done
run - v. to move quickly by steps faster than those used for walking
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S
sacrifice - v. to do without something or to suffer a loss for a belief, idea, goal or another person
sad - ad. not happy safe - ad. away from harm or danger
sail - v. to travel by boat or ship
sailor - n. a person involved in sailing a boat or ship
salt - n. a white substance found in sea water and in the ground, used to affect the taste of food
same - ad. not different; not changed; like another or others
sand - n. extremely small pieces of crushed rock found in large amounts in deserts and on coasts
satellite - n. a small object in space that moves around a larger object; an object placed in orbit around the earth
satisfy - v. to give or provide what is desired, needed or demanded
save - v. to make safe; to remove from harm; to keep for future use
say - v. to speak; to express in words
school - n. a place for education; a place where people go to learn
science - n. the study of nature and the actions of natural things, and the knowledge gained about them
sea - n. a large area of salt water, usually part of an ocean
search - v. to look for carefully
season - n. one of the four periods of the year that is based on the earth's position toward the sun (spring, summer, autumn, winter); a period of time based on different weather conditions ("dry season", "rainy season"); a period during the year when something usually happens ("baseball season")
seat - n. a thing to sit on; a place to sit or the right to sit there ("a seat in parliament")
second - ad. the one that comes after the first
secret - n. something known only to a few and kept from general knowledge; ad. hidden from others; known only to a few
security - n. freedom from danger or harm; protection; measures necessary to protect a person or place ("Security was increased in the city.")
see - v. to know or sense through the eyes; to understand or know
seed - n. the part of a plant from which new plants grow
seek(ing) - v. to search for ("They are seeking a cure for cancer."); to try to get ("She is seeking election to public office."); to plan to do ("Electric power companies are seeking to reduce their use of coal.")
seem - v. to appear to be ("She seems to be in good health.")
seize - v. to take quickly by force; to take control of quickly; to arrest
self - n. all that which makes one person different from others
sell - v. to give something in exchange for money
Senate - n. the smaller of the two groups in the governments of some countries, such as in the United States Congress
send - v. to cause to go; to permit to go; to cause to be carried, taken or directed to or away from a place
sense - v. to come to know about by feeling, believing or understanding; n. any of the abilities to see, hear, taste, smell or feel
sentence - v. to declare the punishment for a crime; n. the punishment for a crime
separate - v. to set or keep people, things or ideas away from or independent from others; ad. not together or connected; different
series - n. a number of similar things or events that follow one after another in time, position or order
serious - ad. important; needing careful consideration; dangerous
serve - v. to work as an official; to be employed by the government; to assist or help
service - n. an organization or system that provides something for the public ("Schools and roads are services paid for by taxes."); a job that an organization or business can do for money; military organizations such as an army, navy or air force; a religious ceremony
set - v. to put in place or position; to establish a time, price or limit
settle - v. to end (a dispute); to agree about (a problem); to make a home in a new place
several - ad. three or more, but not many
severe - ad. not gentle; causing much pain, sadness or damage
sex - n. either the male or female group into which all people and animals are divided because of their actions in producing young; the physical activity by which humans and animals can produce young
shake - v. to move or cause to move in short, quick movements
shape - v. to give form to; n. the form of something, especially how it looks
share - v. to give part of something to another or others; n. a part belonging to, given to or owned by a single person or a group; any one of the equal parts of ownership of a business or company
sharp - ad. having a thin edge or small point that can cut or hurt; causing hurt or pain
she - pro. the girl or woman who is being spoken about
sheep - n. a farm animal used for its meat and hair
shell - v. to fire artillery; n. a metal container that is fired from a large gun and explodes when it reaches its target; a hard outside cover
shelter - v. to protect or give protection to; n. something that gives protection; a place of safety
shine - v. to aim a light; to give bright light; to be bright; to clean to make bright
ship - v. to transport; n. a large boat
shock - v. to cause to feel sudden surprise or fear; n. something that greatly affects the mind or emotions; a powerful shake, as from an earthquake
shoe - n. a covering for the foot
shoot - v. to cause a gun or other weapon to send out an object designed to kill; to use a gun
short - ad. lasting only for a small period of time; not long; opposite tall
should - v. used with another verb (action word) to show responsibility ("We should study."), probability ("The talks should begin soon."), or that something is believed to be a good idea ("Criminals should be punished.")
shout - v. to speak very loudly
show - v. to make something be seen; to make known; n. a play or story presented in a theater, or broadcast on radio or television, for enjoyment or education; something organized to be seen by the public
shrink - v. to make or become less in size, weight or value
sick - ad. suffering physically or mentally with a disease or other problem; not in good health
sickness - n. the condition of being in bad health
side - n. the outer surfaces of an object that are not the top or bottom; parts away from the middle; either the right or left half of the body
sign - v. to write one's name; n. a mark or shape used to mean something; evidence that something exists or will happen; a flat piece of material with writing that gives information
signal - v. to send a message by signs; n. an action or movement that sends a message
silence - v. to make quiet; to stop from speaking or making noise; n. a lack of noise or sound
silver - n. a valued white metal
similar - ad. like something else but not exactly the same
simple - ad. easy to understand or do; not difficult or complex
since - prep. from a time in the past until now ("I have known her since we went to school together.")
sing - v. to make music sounds with the voice
single - ad. one only
sink - v. to go down into water or other liquid
sister - n. a female with the same father or mother as another person
sit - v. to rest on the lower part of the body without the support of the legs; to become seated
situation - n. the way things are during a period of time
size - n. the space occupied by something; how long, wide or high something is
skeleton - n. all the bones of a human or other animal together in their normal positions skill - n. the ability gained from training or experience
skin - n. the outer covering of humans and most animals
sky - n. the space above the earth
slave - n. a person owned or controlled by another
sleep - v. to rest the body and mind with the eyes closed
slide - v. to move smoothly over a surface
slow - v. to reduce the speed of; ad. not fast in moving, talking or other activities
small - ad. little in size or amount; few in number; not important; opposite large
smash - v. to break or be broken into small pieces by force; to hit or move with force
smell - v. to sense through the nose; n. something sensed by the nose ("the smell of food cooking")
smoke - v. to use cigarettes or other tobacco products by burning them and breathing in the smoke; n. that which can be seen rising into the air like a cloud from something burning
smooth - ad. having a level surface; opposite rough
snow - n. soft, white pieces of frozen water that fall from the sky, usually in winter or when the air temperature is very cold
so - ad. in such a way that ("He held the flag so all could see it."); also; too ("She left early, and so did we."); very ("I am so sick."); as a result ("They were sick, so they could not come."); conj. in order that; for the purpose of ("Come early so we can discuss the plans.")
social - ad. of or about people or a group
soft - ad. not hard; easily shaped; pleasing to touch; not loud
soil - n. earth in which plants grow
soldier - n. a person in the army
solid - ad. having a hard shape with no empty spaces inside; strong; not in the form of a liquid or gas
solve - v. to find an answer; to settle some - ad. of an amount or number or part not stated; not all
son - n. a person's male child
soon - ad. not long after the present time; quickly
sort - n. any group of people or things that are the same or are similar in some way; a kind of something
sound - n. fast-moving waves of energy that affect the ear and result in hearing; that which is heard
south - n. the direction to the right of a person facing the rising sun
space - n. the area outside the earth's atmosphere where the sun, moon, planets and stars are; the area between or inside things
speak - v. to talk; to say words with the mouth; to express one's thoughts to others and exchange ideas; to give a speech to a group
special - ad. of a different or unusual kind; not for general use; better or more important than others of the same kind
speech - n. a talk given to a group of people
speed - v. to make something go or move faster; n. the rate at which something moves or travels; the rate at which something happens or is done
spend - v. to give as payment; to use ("He spends much time studying.")
spill - v. to cause or permit liquid to flow out, usually by accident
spirit - n. the part of a human that is not physical and is connected to thoughts and emotions; the part of a person that is believed to remain alive after death
split - v. to separate into two or more parts; to divide or break into parts
sport - n. any game or activity of competition involving physical effort or skill
spread - v. to become longer or wider; to make or become widely known
spring - n. the time of the year between winter and summer
spy - v. to steal or get information secretly; n. one who watches others secretly; a person employed by a government to get secret information about another country
square - n. a flat shape having four equal sides
stab - v. to cut or push into or through with a pointed weapon
stand - v. to move into or be in a position in which only the feet are on a surface; to be in one position or place
star - n. a mass of gas that usually appears as a small light in the sky at night, but is not a planet; a famous person, usually an actor or singer
start - v. to begin; to make something begin
starve - v. to suffer or die from a lack of food
state - v. to say; to declare; n. a political part of a nation
station - v. a place of special work or purpose ("a police station"); a place where passengers get on or off trains or buses; a place for radio or television broadcasts
statue - n. a form of a human, animal or other creature usually made of stone, wood or metal
stay - v. to continue to be where one is; to remain; to not leave; to live for a time ("They stayed in New York for two years.")
steal - v. to take without permission or paying
steam - n. the gas that comes from hot water
steel - n. iron made harder and stronger by mixing it with other substances
step - v. to move by lifting one foot and placing it in a new position; n. the act of stepping; one of a series of actions designed to reach a goal
stick - v. to attach something to another thing using a substance that will hold them together; to become fixed in one position so that movement is difficult ("Something is making the door stick."); n. a thin piece of wood still - ad. not moving ("The man was standing still."); until the present or a stated time ("Was he still there?"); even so; although ("The job was difficult, but she still wanted to do it.")
stone - n. a small piece of rock
stop - v. to prevent any more movement or action; to come or bring to an end
store - v. to keep or put away for future use; n. a place where people buy things
storm - n. violent weather, including strong winds and rain or snow
story - n. the telling or writing of an event, either real or imagined
stove - n. a heating device used for cooking
straight - ad. continuing in one direction without turns
strange - ad. unusual; not normal; not known
street - n. a road in a city, town or village
stretch - v. to extend for a distance; to pull on to make longer or wider
strike - v. to hit with force; to stop work as a way to seek better conditions, more pay or to make other demands
strong - ad. having much power; not easily broken, damaged or destroyed
structure - n. the way something is built, made or organized; a system that is formed or organized in a special way; a building
struggle - v. to try with much effort; to fight with; n. a great effort; a fight
study - v. to make an effort to gain knowledge by using the mind; to examine carefully
stupid - ad. not able to learn much; not intelligent
subject - n. the person or thing being discussed, studied or written about
submarine - n. an underwater ship
substance - n. the material of which something is made (a solid, liquid or gas)
substitute - v. to put or use in place of another; n. a person or thing put or used in place of another
subversion - n. an attempt to weaken or destroy a political system or government, usually secretly
succeed - v. to reach a goal or thing desired; to produce a planned result
such - ad. of this or that kind; of the same kind as; similar to
sudden - ad. not expected; without warning; done or carried out quickly or without preparation
suffer - v. to feel pain in the body or mind; to receive or experience hurt or sadness
sugar - n. a sweet substance made from liquids taken from plants
suggest - v. to offer or propose something to think about or consider
summer - n. the warmest time of the year, between spring and autumn
sun - n. the huge star in the sky that provides heat and light to earth
supervise - v. to direct and observe the work of others
supply - v. to give; to provide; n. the amount of something that can be given or sold to others
support - v. to carry the weight of; to hold up or in position; to agree with others and help them reach a goal; to approve
suppose - v. to believe, think or imagine ("I suppose you are right."); to expect ("It is supposed to rain tonight.")
suppress - v. to put down or to keep down by force; to prevent information from being known publicly
sure - ad. very probable; with good reason to believe; true without question
surface - n. the outer side or top of something ("The rocket landed on the surface of the moon.")
surplus - n. an amount that is more than is needed; extra; ("That country has a trade surplus. It exports more than it imports.")
surprise - v. to cause a feeling of wonder because something is not expected; n. something not expected; the feeling caused by something not expected
surrender - v. to give control of oneself or one's property to another or others; to stop fighting and admit defeat
surround - v. to form a circle around; to be in positions all around someone or something
survive - v. to remain alive during or after a dangerous situation
suspect - v. to imagine or believe that a person is guilty of something bad or illegal; n. a person believed to be guilty
suspend - v. to cause to stop for a period of time
swallow - v. to take into the stomach through the mouth
swear in - v. to put an official into office by having him or her promise to carry out the duties of that office ("The chief justice will swear in the president.")
sweet - ad. tasting pleasant, like sugar
swim - v. to move through water by making motions with the arms and legs
sympathy - n. a sharing of feelings or emotions with another person, usually feelings of sadness
system - n. a method of organizing or doing something by following rules or a plan; a group of connected things or parts working together for a common purpose or goal
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T
talk - v. to express thoughts in spoken words; n. a meeting for discussion
tall - ad. higher than others; opposite short
tank - n. a large container for holding liquids; a heavy military vehicle with guns
target - n. any person or object aimed at or fired at
taste - v. to sense through the mouth ("The fruit tastes sweet.")
tax - n. the money a person or business must pay to the government so the government can provide services
tea - n. a drink made from the plant of the same name
teach - v. to show how to do something; to provide knowledge; to cause to understand
team - n. a group organized for some purpose, often for sports
tear - v. to pull apart, often by force
tears - n. the fluid that comes out of the eyes while crying
technical - ad. involving machines, processes and materials in industry, transportation and communications; of or about a very special kind of subject or thing ("You need technical knowledge to understand how this system works.")
technology - n. the use of scientific knowledge and methods to produce goods and services telephone - n. a device or system for sending sounds, especially the voice, over distances
telescope - n. a device for making objects that are far away appear closer and larger
television - n. a device that receives electronic signals and makes them into pictures and sounds; the system of sending pictures and sounds by electronic signals over a distance so others can see and hear them on a receiver
tell - v. to give information; to make known by speaking; to order; to command
temperature - n. the measurement of heat and cold
temporary - ad. lasting only a short time
tense - ad. having fear or concern; dangerous; opposite calm
term - n. a limited period of time during which someone does a job or carries out a responsibility ("He served two terms in Congress."); the conditions of an agreement that have been accepted by those involved in it
terrible - ad. very bad; causing terror or fear
territory - n. a large area of land
terror - n. extreme fear; that which causes great fear
terrorist - n. a person who carries out acts of extreme violence as a protest or a way to influence a government
test - v. to attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The scientists will test the new engine soon."); n. an attempt to learn or prove what something is like or how it will act by studying or doing ("The test of the new engine takes place today."); a group of questions or problems used to find out a person's knowledge ("The students did well on the language test.")
than - conj. connecting word used to link things that may be similar, but are not equal ("My sister is taller than I am.")
thank - v. to say that one has a good feeling toward another because that person did something kind ("I want to thank you for helping me.")
that - ad. showing the person, place or thing being spoken about ("That man is a soldier."); pro. the person, place or thing being spoken about ("The building that I saw was very large.")
the - pro. used in front of a name word to show that it is a person or thing that is known about or is being spoken about
theater - n. a place where movies are shown or plays are performed
them - pro. other people being spoken about
then - ad. at that time; existing; and so
theory - n. a possible explanation of why something exists or how something happens using experiments or ideas, but which is not yet proven ("Other scientists are debating his theory about the disappearance of dinosaurs.")
there - ad. in that place or position; to or toward that place
these - pro. of or about the people, places or things nearby that have been spoken about already
they - pro. those ones being spoken about
thick - ad. having a large distance between two opposite surfaces ("The wall is two meters thick."); having many parts close together ("The forest is very thick."); almost solid, such as a liquid that does not flow easily; opposite thin
thin - ad. having a small distance between two opposite surfaces; not fat; not wide; opposite thick
thing - n. any object
think - v. to produce thoughts; to form ideas in the mind; to consider; to believe
third - ad. coming after two others
this - pro. of or about the person, place or thing nearby that has been spoken about already
threaten - v. to warn that one will do harm or cause damage
through - prep. in at one end and out at the other; from front to back; from top to bottom; with the help of; by
throw - v. to cause to go through the air by a movement of the arm
tie - v. to join or hold together with some material; n. anything that joins or unites; links or connections ("The two nations have strong trade ties.")
time - n. that which is measured in minutes, hours, days and years; a period that can be identified in hours and minutes and is shown on a clock; a period when an event should or will take place
tired - ad. having less strength because of work or exercise; needing sleep or rest
to - prep. showing the direction of an action; showing the person or place toward which an action is directed; showing a goal or purpose
today - n. this day
together - ad. in one group; at the same time or place; in cooperation
tomorrow - n. the day after today
tonight - n. this night
too - ad. also; as well as; more than is necessary
tool - n. any instrument or device designed to help one do work
top - n. the upper edge or surface; the highest part; the cover of something
torture - v. to cause severe pain; n. the act of causing severe pain in order to harm, to punish or to get information from
total - n. the complete amount
touch - v. to put the hand or fingers on
toward - prep. in the direction of; leading to
town - n. a center where people live, larger than a village but not as large as a city
trade - v. to buy and sell or exchange products or services; n. the activity of buying, selling or exchanging products or services
tradition - n. a ceremony, activity or belief that has existed for a long time
traffic - n. the movement of people, vehicles or ships along a street, road or waterway
tragic - ad. extremely sad; terrible
train - v. to teach or learn how to do something; to prepare for an activity; n. an engine and the cars connected to it that move along a railroad
transport - v. to move goods or people from one place to another
transportation - n. the act or business of moving goods or people
trap - v. to catch or be caught by being tricked; to be unable to move or escape; n. a device used to catch animals
travel - v. to go from one place to another, usually for a long distance
treason - n. the act of fighting against one's own country or of helping its enemies
treasure - n. a large collection of money, jewels or other things of great value
treat - v. to deal with; to act toward in a special way; to try to cure
treatment - n. the act of treating; the use of medicine to try to cure or make better
treaty - n. a written agreement between two or more nations
tree - n. a very tall plant that is mostly wood, except for its leaves
trial - n. an examination in a court of a question or dispute to decide if a charge is true
tribe - n. a group of families ruled by a common chief or leader
trick - v. to cheat; to fool a person so as to get something or make him or her do something
trip - n. a movement from one place to another, usually a long distance
troops - n. a number of soldiers in a large controlled group
trouble - n. that which causes concern, fear, difficulty or problems
truce - n. a temporary halt in fighting agreed to by all sides involved
truck - n. a heavy vehicle used to carry goods
true - ad. correct; not false
trust - v. to believe that someone is honest and will not cause harm
try - v. to make an effort; to take court action against a person to decide if he or she is guilty or innocent of a crime
tube - n. a long, round structure through which liquids or gases can flow; a long, thin container in which they can be kept
turn - v. to change direction; to move into a different position; to change color, form or shape
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U
understand - v. to know what is meant; to have knowledge of
unite - v. to join together
universe - n. all of space, including planets and stars
university - n. a place of education that usually includes several colleges and research organizations
unless - conj. except if it happens; on condition that ("I will not go, unless the rain stops.")
until - conj. up to a time; before
up - ad. to, in or at a higher position or value
urge - v. to advise strongly; to make a great effort to get someone to do something
urgent - ad. needing an immediate decision or action
us - pro. the form of the word "we" used after a preposition ("He said he would write to us.") or used as an object of a verb ("They saw us yesterday.")
use - v. to employ for a purpose; to put into action
usual - ad. as is normal or common; as is most often done, seen or heard
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V
value - n. the quality of being useful, important or desired; the amount of money that could be received if something is sold
vegetable - n. a plant grown for food
vehicle - n. anything on or in which a person or thing can travel or be transported, especially anything on wheels; a car or truck
version - n. the form of something with different details than earlier or later forms
very - ad. extremely ("He was very late.")
veto - v. to reject or refuse to approve
vicious - ad. bad; dangerous; showing harm or hate
victim - n. someone or something that is injured, killed or made to suffer; someone who is tricked
victory - n. a success in a fight or competition
village - n. a very small town
violate - v. to fail to obey or honor; to break (an agreement)
violence - n. the use of force to cause injury, death or damage
visit - v. to go to or come to a place for a short time for friendly or business reasons
voice - n. the sound made by creatures, especially humans, for speaking
volcano - n. a hill or mountain around a hole in the earth's surface that can explode, sending hot, melted rock and ash into the air
vote - v. to choose a candidate in an election; n. a choice or decision expressed by the voice, by hand or by writing
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W
wait - v. to delay acting; to postpone
walk - v. to move by putting one foot in front of the other
wall - n. the side of a room or building formed by wood, stone or other material; a structure sometimes used to separate areas of land
want - v. to desire; to wish for; to need
war - n. fighting between nations, or groups in a nation, using weapons
warm - ad. almost hot; having or feeling some heat
warn - v. to tell of possible danger; to advise or inform about something bad that may happen
wash - v. to make clean, usually with water
waste - v. to spend or use without need or care; to make bad use of; n. a spending of money, time or effort with no value gained or returned; something thrown away as having no value; the liquid and solid substances that result from body processes and are passed out of the body
watch - v. to look at; to observe closely; to look and wait for
water - n. the liquid that falls from the sky as rain or is found in lakes, rivers and oceans
wave - v. to move or cause to move one way and the other, as a flag in the wind; to signal by moving the hand one way and the other; n. a large mass of water that forms and moves on the surface of a lake or ocean
way - n. a path on land or sea or in the air; how something is done; method
we - pro. two or more people, including the speaker or writer ("He and I will go together, and we will return together.")
weak - ad. having little power; easily broken, damaged or destroyed; opposite strong
wealth - n. a large amount of possessions, money or other things of value
weapon - n. anything used to cause injury or to kill during an attack, fight or war
wear - v. to have on the body, as clothes
weather - n. the condition of the atmosphere resulting from sun, wind, rain, heat or cold
week - n. a period of time equal to seven days
weigh - v. to measure how heavy someone or something is
welcome - v. to express happiness or pleasure when someone arrives or something develops
well - ad. in a way that is good or pleasing; in good health; n. a hole in the ground where water, gas or oil can be found
west - n. the direction in which the sun goes down
wet - ad. covered with water or other liquid; not dry
what - pro. used to ask about something or to ask for information about something ("What is this?"); ad. whichor which kind ("He wants to know what you would like to drink.")
wheat - n. a grain used to make bread; the plant that produces the grain
wheel - n. a round structure that turns around a center
when - ad. at what time; at any time ("When will she come home?"); conj. during or at the time ("I studied hard when I was in school.")
where - ad., conj. at, to or in what place ("Where is his house?" "The house where he lives is in the old part of the city.")
which - pro. used to ask about what one or what ones of a group of things or people ("Which program do you like best?" "Which students will take the test?")
while - n. a space of time ("Please come to my house for a while."); conj. at or during the same time ("It may not be a good idea to eat while you are running.")
white - ad. having the color like that of milk or snow
who - pro. what or which person or persons that ("Who wants to go?"); the person or persons ("They are the ones who want to go.")
whole - ad. the complete amount; all together; not divided; not cut into pieces
why - ad. for what cause or reason ("Why did she do it?"); conj. the reason for which ("I do not know why she did it.")
wide - ad. having a great distance from one side to the other; not limited
wife - n. a woman who is married
wild - ad. living and growing in natural conditions and not organized or supervised by humans; angry; uncontrolled
will - v. a word used with action words to show future action ("They will hold talks tomorrow.")
willing - ad. being ready or having a desire to ("They are willing to talk about the problem.")
win - v. to gain a victory; to defeat another or others in a competition, election or battle
wind - n. a strong movement of air
window - n. an opening in a wall to let in light and air, usually filled with glass winter - n. the coldest time of year, between autumn and spring
wire - n. a long, thin piece of metal used to hang objects or to carry electricity or electronic communications from one place to another
wise - ad. having much knowledge and understanding; able to use knowledge and understanding to make good or correct decisions
wish - v. to want; to express a desire for
with - prep. along or by the side of; together; using ("He fixed it with a tool."); having ("the house with the red door")
withdraw - v. to take or move out, away or back; to remove
without - prep. with no; not having or using; free from; not doing
woman - n. an adult female human
wonder - v. to ask oneself; to question ("She wonders if it is true."); n. a feeling of surprise
wonderful - ad. causing wonder; especially good
wood - n. the solid material of which trees are made
word - n. one or more connected sounds that form a single part of a language
work - v. to use physical or mental effort to make or do something; n. the effort used to make or to do something; that which needs effort; the job one does to earn money
world - n. the earth; the people who live on the earth
worry - v. to be concerned; to continue thinking that something, possibly bad, can happen
worse - ad. more bad than
worth - n. value measured in money
wound - v. to injure; to hurt; to cause physical damage to a person or animal; n. an injury to the body of a human or animal in which the skin is usually cut or broken
wreck - v. to damage greatly; to destroy; n. anything that has been badly damaged or broken
wreckage - n. what remains of something severely damaged or destroyed
write - v. to use an instrument to make words appear on a surface, such as paper
wrong - ad. not correct; bad; not legal; opposite right
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Y
yellow - ad. having the color like that of gold or the sun
yes - ad. used to express agreement or to permit
yesterday - n. the day before today
yet - ad. at some time before now ("Have they arrived yet?"); now; at this time ("I cannot tell you about it yet."); conj. however ("The sun was shining, yet it was cold.")
you - pro. the person or persons being spoken to
young - ad. in the early years of life; not old
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Z
zoo - n. a place where animals are kept for the public to look at and study
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Common Prefixes
dis - not (dishonest, disobey)
pro - for, supporting (pro-labor, pro-government)
re - to do again (reorganize, reunite)
self - used to show that the person or group acting is the one affected by the action, or to show that the action is done only by its own effort or power (self-declared, self-appointed)
un - not (unusual, unhappy)
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Common Expressions
carry out - to do; to put into effect ("Please carry out the plan.")
pass a bill - approve ("Congress is expected to pass a bill to cut taxes.")
take steps - to start to do something ("The government will take steps to halt inflation.")
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Words Used in VOA Special English Science Programs
atom - a very small part of all things; the smallest part of an element that can join with parts of other elements
bacteria - living things that are one cell and can be seen only through a microscope; some cause disease
cell - a small mass of living material that is part of all plants and animals
chromosome - a line of genes; most human cells contain 46 chromosomes
compound - a substance containing two or more elements
dense - close together; thick
electron - a small part of an atom that has an electrical force
element - one of more than 100 substances known to science that cannot be separated into other substances
enzyme - a special kind of protein; it produces changes in other substances without being changed itself
fetus - unborn young
fission - a splitting; in atomic fission, the nucleus of an atom is split to produce nuclear energy
fusion - a joining together; in atomic fusion, atomic particles are joined together to produce nuclear energy
genes - parts of cells that control the growth and development of living things; genes from the mother and father are passed to the child; genes contain nucleic acid
genetic engineering - the science of changing the genes of a living organism
gravity - the force that pulls things toward the center of the earth
image - a reproduction of the appearance of a person or thing
laser - an instrument that makes a thin, powerful light
magnet - a piece of iron or other material that has a pulling force; this pulling force is called magnetism
molecule - the smallest amount of a chemical substance that can exist
nerve - a thin piece of tissue that sends information through the body to and from the brain
nucleus - the center part of an atom or cell
nucleic acid - a molecule that holds the genetic information necessary for life; there are two kinds of nucleic acid: DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and RNA (ribonucleic acid)
nutrient - a food or substance that makes plants, humans or animals grow
organ - a part of the body that has a special purpose, such as the heart or brain
organism - a living thing, often so small it can be seen only through a microscope
particle - a very small piece of matter
proteins - substances responsible for the growth of tissue and for fixing damaged tissue
robot - a machine that moves and performs tasks
tissue - living material; a group of cells that are similar in appearance and do the same thing
virus - a kind of organism that causes disease
x-rays - a kind of radiation that can pass through most solid materials, often used in medicine
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Organs of the Body
heart - pumps blood through the body
intestines - tubes through which food passes after it is broken down in the stomach; part of the intestines also remove solid wastes from the body
kidney - cleans liquid wastes from the body
liver - makes some proteins and enzymes; removes poisons from the blood
lung - takes in and expels air from the body
prostate - a part of the male reproductive system
stomach - breaks down food for the body to use
uterus - a part of the female reproductive system where a fetus develops
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